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IEEE International Conference on Digital Signal Processing (DSP)

Efficient Verification of N-GHZ State in Quantum Wireless Network Communication

Yongli Yang, Zhenhu Ning, Shiqiang Zhang, Dongzhi Cao

Published Feb 26, 2021• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum communication has an irreplaceable role in the confidentiality of information compared with classical communication. The entangled state was used in the quantum communication networks to transmit information, and quantum wireless multi-hop networks communication can be realized by using the quantum entanglement swapping, thereby ensuring that information can be transmitted over long distances. Based on the security problems caused by the direct use of entangled states in quantum communication, this paper verifies the GHZ state in the quantum wireless network communication, so as to ensure the GHZ state is the perfect entangled state originally prepared, thus ensuring the safety of quantum communication.

DOI
10.1145/3458380.3458417

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Quantum communication has an irreplaceable role in the confidentiality of information compared with classical communication. The entangled state was used in the quantum communication networks to transmit information, and quantum wireless multi-hop networks communication can be realized by using the quantum entanglement swapping, thereby ensuring that information can be transmitted over long distances. Based on the security problems caused by the direct use of entangled states in quantum communication, this paper verifies the GHZ state in the quantum wireless network communication, so as to ensure the GHZ state is the perfect entangled state originally prepared, thus ensuring the safety of quantum communication.
We present a deterministic secure direct communication scheme via entanglement swapping, where a set of ordered maximally entangled three-particle states (GHZ states), initially shared by three spatially separated parties, Alice, Bob and Charlie, functions as a quantum information channel. After ensuring the safety of the quantum channel, Alice and Bob apply a series local operations on their respective particles according to the tripartite stipulation and the secret message they both want to send to Charlie. By three Alice, Bob and Charlie's Bell measurement results, Charlie is able to infer the secret messages directly. The secret messages are faithfully transmitted from Alice and Bob to Charlie via initially shared pairs of GHZ states without revealing any information to a potential eavesdropper. Since there is not a transmission of the qubits carrying the secret message between any two of them in the public channel, it is completely secure for direct secret communication if perfect quantum channel is used.
Abstract Implementing quantum wireless multi-hop network communication is essential to improve the global quantum network system. In this paper, we employ eight-level GHZ states as quantum channels to realize multi-hop quantum communication, and utilize the logical relationship between the measurements of each node to derive the unitary operation performed by the end node. The hierarchical simultaneous entanglement switching (HSES) method is adopted, resulting in a significant reduction in the consumption of classical information compared to multi-hop quantum teleportation (QT) based on general simultaneous entanglement switching (SES). In addition, the proposed protocol is simulated on the IBM Quantum Experiment platform (IBM QE). Then, the data obtained from the experiment are analyzed using quantum state tomography, which verifies the protocol’s good fidelity and accuracy. Finally, by calculating fidelity, we analyze the impact of four different types of noise (phase-damping, amplitude-damping, phase-flip and bit-flip) in this protocol.
In order to improve the efficiency of deterministic key distribution,a quantum key distribution scheme based on GHZ states entanglement swapping was proposed.By sharing a pair of GHZ states between communicators,Bob can deduce deterministic key from classic information which was sent by Alice who took entanglement and measurement operation.Compared with other scheme based on GHZ entanglement state,two GHZ states produced by Bob in the proposed scheme and particles are distributed not by Alice,but Bob.Security analysis results show that any eavesdropper can be found in time.The proposed scheme has high distribution efficiency in that all the GHZ states can be used to transmit information except those chosen for checking eavesdroppers,it can reach the distribution efficiency at 60% and simple to operation.
The distributed wireless quantum communication network (DWQCN) has a distributed network topology and transmits information by quantum states. In this paper, we present the concept of the DWQCN and propose a system scheme to transfer quantum states in the DWQCN. The system scheme for transmitting information between any two nodes in the DWQCN includes a routing protocol and a scheme for transferring quantum states. The routing protocol is on-demand and the routing metric is selected based on the number of entangled particle pairs. After setting up a route, quantum teleportation and entanglement swapping are used for transferring quantum states. Entanglement swapping is achieved along with the process of routing set up and the acknowledgment packet transmission. The measurement results of each entanglement swapping are piggybacked with route reply packets or acknowledgment packets. After entanglement swapping, a direct quantum link between source and destination is set up and quantum states are transferred by quantum teleportation. Adopting this scheme, the measurement results of entanglement swapping do not need to be transmitted specially, which decreases the wireless transmission cost and transmission delay.
In this letter, a novel quantum wireless network communication (QWNC) scheme based on multi-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state is proposed. First, we deduce a general formula for the multi-user QWNC, which can greatly reduce the computational complexity and resource consumption. Second, a self-organized bilayer network architecture, as well as the corresponding communication protocol, are presented to ensure the rapid and steady transmission of quantum information. Finally, the advantages of our scheme are described based on the analysis of communication efficiency and security.
Due to the high security of quantum transmission and the more flexible and economical implementation of wireless communication, quantum wireless network communication attracts lots of attention. Because of the high entanglement persistence and robustness of cluster states against decoherence and loss, we investigate the application of cluster states in quantum wireless network communication (QWNC) and propose several kinds of QWNC schemes based on 1D, 2D and 3D cluster states, respectively. Finally we propose a QWNC scheme under the bilayer quantum network architecture. Comparing with other multi-hop teleportation schemes, it is unnecessary for the intermediate nodes to perform entanglement swapping to establish the required entanglement. The computational complexity is independent of the number of intermediate nodes and cluster states are allocated on demand, thus reducing the computational complexity and resource consumption largely.