ΜΕΛΕΤΗ ΤΟΥ ΚΒΑΝΤΟΜΗΧΑΝΙΚΟΥ ΦΑΙΝΟΜΕΝΟΥ ΣΗΡΑΓΓΟΣ ΚΑΙ ΕΦΑΡΜΟΓΕΣ ΤΟΥ ΣΕ ΦΥΣΙΚΑ ΣΥΣΤΗΜΑΤΑ
Παναγιωτησ Τροχουτσοσ
Abstract
The present work consists of eight chapters. The first chapter gives a brief historical overview of the impasses that Classical Physics found in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and the efforts made in the framework of Old Quantum theory to overcome it, ultimately leading to the foundation of Quantum Engineering in the 1920s. The second chapter shows the ratio of the Schrodinger equation to the classical wave differential equation, the concept of wave function, the physical importance of probability density, continuity equation and probability current density, while indicating the conditions to be met by the wave function. The third chapter examines square dynamic wells as well as the rectangular dynamic barrier, through the study of which the tunnel phenomenon emerges. The reflecting and transit coefficients are also calculated, while the tunnel effect is also being examined in relation to the principle of uncertainty. The fourth chapter presents semi-classical approaches to the solution of the Schrodinger equation, with an emphasis on the WKB approach. The power of the WKB approach is analysed, and applied to a dynamic well, as well as in the case of tunneling through a dynamic barrier, by calculating the transit coefficient. The fifth chapter analyses the time delay in the tunnel phenomenon and examines the concept of minimum transit time. The sixth chapter refers to natural systems where the tunnel phenomenon occurs, such as cold emission of electrons from metals, a-decay and nuclear fusion. Finally, due to the purely undulating nature of the phenomenon, cases of observation are mentioned macroscopicly, such as the case of total internal reflection. The seventh chapter presents a lesson plan for the teaching of the phenomenon in Secondary Education, using information and communication technologies in the educational process, and finally the main conclusions presented resulting from the previous study.