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Microwave Transitions of Cold Rydberg Atom Pairs

Jeonghun Lee

Published Jul 13, 2017• 0 citations
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Abstract

This dissertation consists of three microwave spectroscopy experiments performed with cold Rb Rydberg atoms in Magneto Optical Trap.The first experiment is a systematic study of a particular type of transition which was first observed in 2012 that involves a pair of Rydberg atoms.In this transition, even though only one microwave photon is absorbed, both atoms in the pair change states.In particular, we describe the transition with the configuration interaction (CI) model and experimentally verify the scaling of fractional population transfer predicted by the CI model.The second experiment builds on the first experiment and reports observations of additional single and multi photon microwave transitions that are allowed due to the same CI as in the first experiment.The observations show clearly that this type of transition involving a pair of Rydberg atoms are a lot more common than initially thought.We show that the transitions can be conveniently described as Forster resonances of Floquet states.The last experiment reports on the technique we used to measure the ng and nh series quantum defects and the ionic dipole and quadrupole polarizabilities of 85 Rb.The technique allows us to obtain zero field intervals of (n + 1)d 5/2 → ng and (n + 1)d 5/2 → nh intervals despite the fact that we can only control the stray electric field in one direction.Using the technique, the quantum defects of ng and nh were determined to be 0.0039741(16) and 0.0014066(57), respectively.The ionic II dipole and quadrupole polarizabilities were determined to be 9.12(2)a 3 0 and 14(3)a 5 0 , respectively.

DOI
10.18130/v3267n

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Physical Review A•Dec 26, 2017•3 citations
This dissertation consists of three microwave spectroscopy experiments performed with cold Rb Rydberg atoms in Magneto Optical Trap.The first experiment is a systematic study of a particular type of transition which was first observed in 2012 that involves a pair of Rydberg atoms.In this transition, even though only one microwave photon is absorbed, both atoms in the pair change states.In particular, we describe the transition with the configuration interaction (CI) model and experimentally verify the scaling of fractional population transfer predicted by the CI model.The second experiment builds on the first experiment and reports observations of additional single and multi photon microwave transitions that are allowed due to the same CI as in the first experiment.The observations show clearly that this type of transition involving a pair of Rydberg atoms are a lot more common than initially thought.We show that the transitions can be conveniently described as Forster resonances of Floquet states.The last experiment reports on the technique we used to measure the ng and nh series quantum defects and the ionic dipole and quadrupole polarizabilities of 85 Rb.The technique allows us to obtain zero field intervals of (n + 1)d 5/2 → ng and (n + 1)d 5/2 → nh intervals despite the fact that we can only control the stray electric field in one direction.Using the technique, the quantum defects of ng and nh were determined to be 0.0039741(16) and 0.0014066(57), respectively.The ionic II dipole and quadrupole polarizabilities were determined to be 9.12(2)a 3 0 and 14(3)a 5 0 , respectively.
Previous measurements of single photon $n{d}_{5/2}n{d}_{5/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}(n+1){d}_{j}(n\ensuremath{-}2)f$ transitions by two of us were described as microwave transitions made possible by configuration interaction (CI) between the nd5/2nd5/2n{d}_{5/2}n{d}_{5/2}nd5/2​nd5/2​ and the nearly degenerate $(n+2){p}_{3/2}(n\ensuremath{-}2)f$ states [Lee and Gallagher, Phys. Rev. A 93, 062509 (2016)]. Here we report the observation of the one photon $n{d}_{5/2}n{d}_{5/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}(n+3){s}_{1/2}(n\ensuremath{-}2)f$, two photon $n{d}_{5/2}n{d}_{5/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}(n+3){p}_{j}(n\ensuremath{-}2)f$, and three photon $n{d}_{5/2}n{d}_{5/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}(n+4){s}_{1/2}(n\ensuremath{-}2)f$ microwave transitions. We show that both single and multiphoton microwave transitions are conveniently described as Forster resonant energy transfers between resonant Floquet states, and we show that the Floquet-Forster model reduces to the CI model used previously. Finally, to show that the transitions observed previously are by no means unique, we report pair transitions with different initial and final states as well as radio instead of microwave frequencies.
I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii This thesis reports the first observation of the resonant electric dipole-dipole interaction between cold Rydberg atoms using microwave spectroscopy, the observation of the magnetic field suppression of resonant interactions, and the development of a unique technique for precise magnetic field measurements. ARydbergstate(46d 5/2) of laser cooled 85 Rb atoms has been optically excited. A fraction of these atoms has been transferred to another Rydberg state (47p 3/2 or 45f 5/2,7/2) to introduce resonant electric dipole-dipole interactions. The line broadening of the two-photon 46d 5/2 − 47d 5/2 microwave transition due to the interaction of 46d 5/2 with 47p 3/2 or 45f 5/2,7/2 atoms has been used as a probe of the interatomic interactions. This experiment has been repeated with a DC magnetic field applied. The application of a weak magnetic field ( ≤ 0.6 G) has reduced
Microwave transitions between pair states composed of two Rb Rydberg atoms in a magneto-optical trap are investigated. Our current interest is the transition from ndnd to (n+1)d(n-2)f states. This transition is allowed because the dipole-dipole induced configuration interaction between the ndnd state and the energetically close (n+2)p(n-2)f state admixes some of the latter state into the former. The resonance frequencies of the ndnd-(n+1)d(n-2)f transitions for n=35 to 42 have been measured and found to agree well with the calculated values. In addition, the power shifts of the resonance frequencies have been measured for n=35 to 42. The dependence of the fractional population transfer from the ndnd to (n+1)d(n-2)f states on the microwave field strength and atomic density has been measured and can be compared to a simple theoretical model. This work has been supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research.
We present an experimental technique that allows us to determine the zero-field intervals between high-$\ensuremath{\ell}$ states of Rb in a magneto-optical trap, in spite of the fact that we can only control the stray electric field in one direction. The technique is based on measuring a property of the atom that depends on the field, as opposed to its square. This approach allows the determination of the zero-field intervals and the magnitude of the stray field in the uncontrolled perpendicular direction. We use this technique to observe the microwave transitions of rubidium from the (n+1)d5/2(n+1){d}_{5/2}(n+1)d5/2​ states to the ngngng and nhnhnh states of $27\ensuremath{\le}n\ensuremath{\le}30$. From the observed microwave transitions, we determine the quantum defects of the ngngng and nhnhnh states. Using the quantum defects of the ngngng and nhnhnh states and the adiabatic core polarization theory, we determine the Rb+{\mathrm{Rb}}^{+}Rb+ ionic dipole and quadrupole polarizabilities to be ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{d}=9.12(2){a}_{0}^{3}$ and ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{q}=14(3){a}_{0}^{5}$, respectively.
We have observed an excitonlike exchange in two-photon microwave transitions between pairs of cold Rb Rydberg atoms, specifically, transitions in which a ns1/2ns1/2n{s}_{1/2}n{s}_{1/2}ns1/2​ns1/2​ pair undergoes the transition to the np1/2np3/2n{p}_{1/2}n{p}_{3/2}np1/2​np3/2​ and np3/2np1/2n{p}_{3/2}n{p}_{1/2}np3/2​np1/2​ states. This transition occurs due to the excitonlike $n{s}_{1/2}n{p}_{j}\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}n{p}_{j}n{s}_{1/2}$ exchange in the intermediate states, and the process can be thought of as a F\"orster resonant energy transfer between Floquet, or dressed, states. In addition, the measurements provide clear evidence of the importance of the three-dimensional nature of the dipole-dipole interaction.