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International Symposium on Molecular Spectroscopy (ISMS)

MICROWAVE TRANSITIONS BETWEEN PAIR STATES COMPOSED OF TWO Rb RYDBERG ATOMS

Jeonghun Lee, Tom Gallagher

Published Jun 23, 2015• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Microwave transitions between pair states composed of two Rb Rydberg atoms in a magneto-optical trap are investigated. Our current interest is the transition from ndnd to (n+1)d(n-2)f states. This transition is allowed because the dipole-dipole induced configuration interaction between the ndnd state and the energetically close (n+2)p(n-2)f state admixes some of the latter state into the former. The resonance frequencies of the ndnd-(n+1)d(n-2)f transitions for n=35 to 42 have been measured and found to agree well with the calculated values. In addition, the power shifts of the resonance frequencies have been measured for n=35 to 42. The dependence of the fractional population transfer from the ndnd to (n+1)d(n-2)f states on the microwave field strength and atomic density has been measured and can be compared to a simple theoretical model. This work has been supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research.

DOI
10.15278/isms.2015.tj04

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Microwave transitions between pair states composed of two Rb Rydberg atoms in a magneto-optical trap are investigated. Our current interest is the transition from ndnd to (n+1)d(n-2)f states. This transition is allowed because the dipole-dipole induced configuration interaction between the ndnd state and the energetically close (n+2)p(n-2)f state admixes some of the latter state into the former. The resonance frequencies of the ndnd-(n+1)d(n-2)f transitions for n=35 to 42 have been measured and found to agree well with the calculated values. In addition, the power shifts of the resonance frequencies have been measured for n=35 to 42. The dependence of the fractional population transfer from the ndnd to (n+1)d(n-2)f states on the microwave field strength and atomic density has been measured and can be compared to a simple theoretical model. This work has been supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research.
We have observed resonant microwave transitions between pairs of atoms. Specifically, we have observed the processes $n{d}_{5/2}n{d}_{5/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}(n+1){d}_{j}(n\ensuremath{-}2){f}_{7/2}$ and $n{d}_{5/2}n{d}_{5/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}(n+2){p}_{3/2}(n\ensuremath{-}1){d}_{5/2}$ for $35\ensuremath{\le}n\ensuremath{\le}44$. These transitions are allowed due to the dipole-dipole-induced configuration interaction between the nd5/2nd5/2n{d}_{5/2}n{d}_{5/2}nd5/2​nd5/2​ state and the energetically nearby $(n+2){p}_{3/2}(n\ensuremath{-}2){f}_{7/2}$ state, which admixes some of the latter into the former. The resulting microwave transitions are analogous to two-photon transitions in which one of the photons has been replaced by the dipole-dipole interaction. We have developed a configuration interaction description of the transitions, which gives a good description of the interaction over the range $35\ensuremath{\le}n\ensuremath{\le}42$. Over this range of nnn the detuning varies from 0.095 to 1.482 GHz, the microwave frequencies vary from 26.970 to 45.916 GHz, and the requisite microwave powers vary by a factor of over 1000.
We have observed microwave transitions between pairs of cold Rb atoms, specifically, transitions between the molecular nd(5/2)nd(5/2) and (n+1)d(j)(n-2)f states for 41≤n≤44. (We use the separated atom limits as labels.) The transition is allowed because the dipole-dipole induced configuration interaction between the nd(5/2)nd(5/2) state and the energetically close (n+2)p(3/2)(n-2)f state leads to an admixture of the latter into the former. Such transitions may provide a way of selecting closely spaced pairs of atoms.
This dissertation consists of three microwave spectroscopy experiments performed with cold Rb Rydberg atoms in Magneto Optical Trap.The first experiment is a systematic study of a particular type of transition which was first observed in 2012 that involves a pair of Rydberg atoms.In this transition, even though only one microwave photon is absorbed, both atoms in the pair change states.In particular, we describe the transition with the configuration interaction (CI) model and experimentally verify the scaling of fractional population transfer predicted by the CI model.The second experiment builds on the first experiment and reports observations of additional single and multi photon microwave transitions that are allowed due to the same CI as in the first experiment.The observations show clearly that this type of transition involving a pair of Rydberg atoms are a lot more common than initially thought.We show that the transitions can be conveniently described as Forster resonances of Floquet states.The last experiment reports on the technique we used to measure the ng and nh series quantum defects and the ionic dipole and quadrupole polarizabilities of 85 Rb.The technique allows us to obtain zero field intervals of (n + 1)d 5/2 → ng and (n + 1)d 5/2 → nh intervals despite the fact that we can only control the stray electric field in one direction.Using the technique, the quantum defects of ng and nh were determined to be 0.0039741(16) and 0.0014066(57), respectively.The ionic II dipole and quadrupole polarizabilities were determined to be 9.12(2)a 3 0 and 14(3)a 5 0 , respectively.
Resonant electric dipole-dipole interactions between cold Rydberg atoms were observed using microwave spectroscopy. Laser-cooled 85Rb atoms in a magneto-optical trap were optically excited to 45d(5/2) Rydberg states using a pulsed laser. A microwave pulse transferred a fraction of these Rydberg atoms to the 46p(3/2) state. A second microwave pulse then drove atoms in the 45d(5/2) state to the 46d(5/2) state, and was used as a probe of interatomic interactions. The spectral width of this two-photon probe transition was found to depend on the presence of the 46p(3/2) atoms, and is due to the resonant electric dipole-dipole interaction between 45d(5/2) and 46p(3/2) Rydberg atoms.
We have observed the process $\mathrm{Rb}ns+\mathrm{Rb}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}ns+2h\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{Rb}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}n{p}_{1/2}+\mathrm{Rb}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}n{p}_{3/2}$ from n=34n=34n=34 to n=40n=40n=40 in a frozen gas of Rb Rydberg atoms. It is resonant when the microwave frequency is halfway between the $ns\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}n{p}_{1/2}$ and $ns\ensuremath{\rightarrow}n{p}_{3/2}$ frequencies, which range from 57 to 106 GHz. The process cannot occur in isolated atoms, nor can it occur if the magnetic quantum numbers are unchanged, an implicit assumption of one-dimensional models. A Floquet-Forster model shows that the coupling between the initial and final states involves the absorption of two microwave photons and the dipole-dipole interaction, which leads to a coupling proportional to the product of the density, the microwave field squared, and n∗14{n}^{*14}n∗14, where n∗{n}^{*}n∗ is the effective quantum number of the np3/2n{p}_{3/2}np3/2​ state. We have experimentally verified these dependences. The observed resonances are asymmetric, with a low-frequency tail, which we attribute to the van der Waals shift of the final np1/2np3/2n{p}_{1/2}n{p}_{3/2}np1/2​np3/2​ state due to its dipole-dipole interaction with the nearby ns(n+1)sns(n+1)sns(n+1)s state. While the van der Waals shift is negligible for most of the atoms in the Rydberg gas, it is not for the pairs of close atoms which undergo this transition.
A microwave dressing field was used to induce resonant energy transfer in translationally cold Rydberg atoms. The Rb Rydberg atoms were obtained by laser excitation of cold atoms in a magneto-optical trap. When the amplitude of a 1.356 GHz dressing field was scanned, the two-atom dipole-dipole process 43d5/2 + 43d5/2 → 45p3/2 + 41f5/2,7/2 was enhanced due to the induced degeneracy of the initial and final states. The resulting spectrum had a series of resonant field amplitudes corresponding to different magnetic sublevels possible for the states involved. The scanned field amplitude was calibrated using microwave spectroscopy of the 43d5/2− 41f transition under the influence of non-resonant dressing fields. The calibrated resonant field amplitudes agree well with ac Stark shift calculations performed using the Floquet approach. This method for enhancing interactions is complementary to dc electric field induced resonant energy transfer, but benefits from the ability to shift energy levels in either direction by choice in frequency.