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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics

Application of Magnetically Induced Transitions of the 85Rb D2 Line in Coherent Processes

Armen D. Sargsyan, A. Tonoyan, David G. Sarkisyan

Published Jul 1, 2021• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Magnetically induced Fg = 2 → Fe = 4 transitions corresponding to the 85Rb D2 line in the case of the σ+ circularly polarized radiation have been used for the first time to form optical dark resonances in strong magnetic fields up to 1 kG under electromagnetically induced transparency conditions. A 1.5-μm-thick cell filled with Rb atomic vapor has been used. The probabilities of two of five magnetically induced transitions, which are efficiently formed only with the σ+-polarized radiation, in the magnetic field range of 0.2–1 kG exceed the probabilities of “ordinary” atomic transitions. For this reason, it is appropriate to use them in Λ systems for the formation of the dark resonance. The following rule has been established: for the formation of the dark resonance in a Λ system with the use of the σ+-polarized probe radiation at the frequencies of magnetically induced transitions, the radiation of the coupling laser should also be σ+ polarized; the dark resonance is not formed if the radiation of the coupling laser is σ– polarized, which is confirmed by the calculated theoretical curve. A significant advantage of magnetically induced resonances for electromagnetically induced transparency compared to ordinary atomic transitions corresponding to the 85Rb D2 line has been demonstrated. The formation of dark resonances in strong magnetic fields, when their frequency is shifted by several gigahertzs, can be applied in practice.

DOI
10.1134/s1063776121070086

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Optics and Spectroscopy•Sep 1, 2019•7 citations
Abstract Magnetically induced Fg = 2 → Fe = 4 transitions corresponding to the 85Rb D2 line in the case of the σ+ circularly polarized radiation have been used for the first time to form optical dark resonances in strong magnetic fields up to 1 kG under electromagnetically induced transparency conditions. A 1.5-μm-thick cell filled with Rb atomic vapor has been used. The probabilities of two of five magnetically induced transitions, which are efficiently formed only with the σ+-polarized radiation, in the magnetic field range of 0.2–1 kG exceed the probabilities of “ordinary” atomic transitions. For this reason, it is appropriate to use them in Λ systems for the formation of the dark resonance. The following rule has been established: for the formation of the dark resonance in a Λ system with the use of the σ+-polarized probe radiation at the frequencies of magnetically induced transitions, the radiation of the coupling laser should also be σ+ polarized; the dark resonance is not formed if the radiation of the coupling laser is σ– polarized, which is confirmed by the calculated theoretical curve. A significant advantage of magnetically induced resonances for electromagnetically induced transparency compared to ordinary atomic transitions corresponding to the 85Rb D2 line has been demonstrated. The formation of dark resonances in strong magnetic fields, when their frequency is shifted by several gigahertzs, can be applied in practice.
Abstract We experimentally demonstrated that magnetically induced (MI) Fg = 1 → Fe = 3 transitions of the D2-line of 87Rb are promising for the generation of optical resonances in strong magnetic fields of up to 3 kG. A cell of micron-scale thickness filled with Rb vapors was used. A simple and convenient method of determining magnetic induction that exhibits micron-scale spatial resolution is described. In the process, it becomes unnecessary using a reference spectrum. The probability of an MI transition in the interval of magnetic fields from 0.3 to 2 kG can exceed the probability of an ordinary atomic transition, which makes using it as a coupling or probe transition in Λ- or V-systems advantageous for formation of dark resonances in processes of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Dark resonances shifted in strong magnetic fields by as much as 10 GHz may find a number of practical applications. Note that dark resonances are nearly absent in Λ-systems based on ordinary atomic transitions in magnetic fields exceeding 1 kG.
The prospects of using Fg = 1-Fe = 3 magnetically induced (MI) transitions of the 87Rb D2 line to form optical resonances in strong magnetic fields up to 3 kG have been experimentally demonstrated. A micrometer-thick cell filled with the Rb atomic vapor is used. A simple and convenient method for determining the magnetic induction with a micron spatial resolution is presented. In this case, there is no need for a reference frequency spectrum. The probability of the MI transition in the magnetic field range of 0.3–2 kG may exceed the probability of a “normal” atomic transition; therefore, it is reasonable to use MI transition at the frequency of “coupling” or probe lasers in Lambda- and V systems to form EIT- resonance (also called dark resonance) in the process of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The formation of dark resonances in strong magnetic fields, when there is a frequency shift of the dark resonance up to ~ 10 GHz, has a number of practical applications. Note that when using “ordinary” atomic transitions in the Lambda- system for magnetic fields of > 1 kG, dark resonances are practically absent.
Dark resonances were formed via electromagnetically induced transparency for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, involving magnetically induced ΔF=±2 atomic transitions of alkali metal atoms, which are forbidden at zero magnetic field. The probability of these transitions undergoes rapid growth when 300–3000 G magnetic field is applied, allowing formation of dark resonances, widely tunable in the GHz range. It is established that for ΔF=+2 (ΔF=−2) transition, the coupling laser tuned to ΔF=+1 (ΔF=−1) transition of the hyperfine Λ-system must be σ+ (σ−) polarized, manifesting anomalous circular dichroism.
The process of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is studied using an extremely thin cell with thickness of a vapor column of rubidium atoms L = 794 nm. Wavelengths of resonant laser beams λ ≈ 794 nm. Results of the study of behavior of the EIT resonance (which is also called the “dark” resonance) formed in the Л system of the D 1 line of 87Rb atoms in strong magnetic fields up to 1700 G (0.17 T) are reported for the first time. Three dark resonances are recorded in magnetic fields with induction B < 300 G, two resonances are recorded at B > 650 G, and only one dark resonance is retained at B > 1200 G. A method of the formation of a dark resonance at a given frequency is demonstrated that will allow, under the corresponding conditions, the formation of a dark resonance also at B > 0.2 T. The experimental results are well described by the known theoretical models. Practical applications of these results are indicated.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance in strong magnetic fields of up to 1.7 kG has been investigated with the use of a 30-μm cell filled with an atomic rubidium vapor and neon as a buffer gas. The EIT resonance in the Λ system of the D 1 line of 85 Rb atoms has been formed with the use of two narrowband (∼1 MHz) 795-nm diode lasers. The EIT resonance in a longitudinal magnetic field is split into five components. It has been demonstrated that the frequencies of the five EIT components are either blue- or red-shifted with an increase in the magnetic field, depending on the frequency ν P of the probe laser. In has been shown that in both cases the 85 Rb atoms enter the hyperfine Paschen-Back regime in magnetic fields of >1 kG. The hyperfine Paschen-Back regime is manifested by the frequency slopes of all five EIT components asymptotically approaching the same fixed value. The experiment agrees well with the theory.
Abstract Magnetically induced (MI) transitions of the D2 line of 39K atom in an external magnetic field of 10–600 G have been experimentally and theoretically investigated for the first time using circularly polarized σ+ and σ− radiations. According to the selection rules, the transitions between the sublevels of the ground and excited levels of a hyperfine structure with Fe – Fg = ΔF = ±2 are forbidden in the zero magnetic field, whereas their probabilities increase radically in a magnetic field. For the Fg = 1 → Fe = 3 (ΔF = +2) and Fg = 2 → Fe = 0 MI transitions, the highest probabilities are achieved using the σ+ and σ– radiations, respectively. The atomic transitions have been spectrally resolved using selective reflection of laser radiation from a nanocell filled with potassium atomic vapor, which makes it possible to investigate the behavior of the MI transitions. The experimental and theoretical data are shown to be in good agreement.