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Acta Sinica Quantum Optica

外磁场作用下85Rb原子暗共振效应的研究

李志鹏 Zhi-peng LI, 燕阳 Yang YAN, 张恒飞 Heng-fei ZHANG, 王三丹 San-dan WANG, 元晋鹏 Jin-peng YUAN, 汪丽蓉 Li-rong WANG

Published Jan 1, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

本文主要研究了85Rb原子在外磁场作用下由于磁诱导跃迁产生的暗共振效应。在85Rb原子Λ型能级系统中，根据理论计算在不同磁场强度下85Rb原子磁子能级间的跃迁概率结果，实验中选取耦合光输出频率对应于5S1/2（Fg=2，mF=0）-5P3/2（Fe=1，mF=-1）磁子能级跃迁，探测光输出频率在5S1/2（Fg=3）-5P3/2（Fe=1）超精细结构跃迁附近扫描，在外磁场作用下观察到85Rb原子的暗共振效应。当外磁场强度从900 G逐渐增加到1 200 G时，对应的暗共振信号峰值位置频移了约1.11 GHz，与利用密度矩阵理论获得的计算结果吻合很好。外磁场作用下原子暗共振效应的研究对于实现远离原子共振跃迁位置的激光频率大范围调谐锁定具有重要意义。

DOI
10.3788/jqo20243004.0501

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本文主要研究了85Rb原子在外磁场作用下由于磁诱导跃迁产生的暗共振效应。在85Rb原子Λ型能级系统中，根据理论计算在不同磁场强度下85Rb原子磁子能级间的跃迁概率结果，实验中选取耦合光输出频率对应于5S1/2（Fg=2，mF=0）-5P3/2（Fe=1，mF=-1）磁子能级跃迁，探测光输出频率在5S1/2（Fg=3）-5P3/2（Fe=1）超精细结构跃迁附近扫描，在外磁场作用下观察到85Rb原子的暗共振效应。当外磁场强度从900 G逐渐增加到1 200 G时，对应的暗共振信号峰值位置频移了约1.11 GHz，与利用密度矩阵理论获得的计算结果吻合很好。外磁场作用下原子暗共振效应的研究对于实现远离原子共振跃迁位置的激光频率大范围调谐锁定具有重要意义。
We report observation of a narrow (sub-natural) and high-contrast resonance of increased absorption (“bright” resonance) in Rb cell with Ne buffer gas under previously unexplored experimental conditions for coupling and probe radiation configuration. The coupling laser-stabilized frequency is detuned by ~3 GHz from 5S1/2, Fg=3 → 5P3/2, Fe=2,3,4 transitions, while the probe laser frequency is scanned across these transitions. We believe the bright resonance formation, occurring when the probe laser frequency is blue-shifted from the coupling frequency by a value of the ground state hyperfine splitting, is caused predominantly by a 2-photon absorption of the probe radiation 5S1/2, Fg=2 → 5S1/2, Fg=3 with 5P3/2 as an intermediate state. We also report and interpret splitting of the bright resonance into 6 well resolved and contrast components in moderate magnetic fields (B ~ 10 ÷ 250 G).
激光稳频是影响原子喷泉系统性能的关键技术。提出了一种应用于原子喷泉系统的激光稳频优化方案。该方案将激光冷却过程中采用的移频方法应用到稳频系统中，通过光纤电光调制的方法产生边带，并将频率锁定在边带的饱和吸收峰上。同时应用大光斑饱和吸收模块，改善饱和吸收信号和误差信号的信噪比。利用85Rb原子喷泉系统主光路的探测光，通过1.035 GHz的移频，实现从85Rb饱和吸收峰到87Rb饱和吸收峰的转移锁定，并在85Rb喷泉系统中观测到冷原子云信号。锁定后的信号可实现较长时间的稳定工作。该方案通过控制电光调制频率，还有望实现激光冷却实验范围内的任意频率锁定，具有重要的应用价值。
提出一种基于同位素原子饱和吸收谱稳频的拉曼激光方案，并应用于原子干涉仪激光系统的小型化。该方案使用同位素原子吸收泡代替现有拉曼光方案中的移频或调制光学器件，以实现拉曼激光的稳频和失谐，使光路和电路同时简化。针对85Rb原子干涉仪，87Rb原子D2线的饱和吸收谱被用于对拉曼激光进行稳频，稳频后的拉曼激光红失谐在GHz量级，线宽约为80 kHz。将该拉曼激光用于原子干涉仪获得了对比度为20%的干涉条纹，重力测量的灵敏度为345 μGal/Hz1/2。连续24 h重力测量数据的阿伦方差显示原子干涉仪的分辨率约为2×10-8g@7 500 s。该拉曼激光的频率噪声引起的单次重力测量噪声优于1 μGal，完全可以满足μGal量级的重力测量需求。该拉曼激光方案有助于推动原子干涉仪激光系统的小型化、轻量化和实用化。
We report observation of a narrow (sub-natural) and high-contrast resonance of increased absorption ("bright" resonance) in Rb cell with Ne buffer gas under previously unexplored experimental conditions for coupling and probe radiation configuration. The coupling laser stabilized frequency is detuned by ~ 3 GHz from 5S1/2, Fg=3 --> 5P3/2, Fe=2,3,4 transitions, while the probe laser frequency is scanned across these transitions. We believe the bright resonance formation, occurring when the probe laser frequency is blue-shifted from the coupling frequency by a value of the ground state hyperfine splitting, is caused predominantly by a 2-photon absorption of the probe radiation 5S1/2, Fg=2 --> 5S1/2, Fg=3 with 5P3/2 as an intermediate state. We also report and interpret splitting of the bright resonance into 6 well resolved and contrast components in moderate magnetic fields (B ~ 10 - 250 G).
This work demonstrates the CPT (Coherent Population Trapping) signal of Cs atomic clock can be affected by magnetic field theoretically. The amplitude and the width of the resonance line of the CPT signal are the functions of the magnetic intensity. When both the coherent lasers have a specific rate of intensity the amplitude of the CPT signal keeps the most stable. Compared with four lambda models in theory, research shows that the scheme of the translation from ground states |Fg=4, mF=0> and |Fg=3, mF=0> to excited state |Fe=4, mF=-1> is the most suitable for Cs CPT atomic clock.
本文理论分析和实验测量研究了微波相位噪声对里德堡原子天线微波混频信号的影响。通过研究微波混频信号的相位噪声项,建立在信号场中加入相位噪声后微波混频信号强度变化的理论模拟图。实验基于室温铯原子气室中里德堡原子电磁感应透明光谱,实现里德堡原子|64S1/2?→|64P1/2?态的电偶极跃迁,得到频率13.806 057 GHz与13.806 000 GHz的微波场混频信号。同时,对混频信号强度的参数依赖关系进行研究。经实验发现,基于里德堡原子天线微波混频信号强度与参考场的功率有关,优化功率参数条件下,参考场可以实现约20dB的混频信号增强;当参考场调控里德堡原子达到微波混频效率最大时,在信号场中加入相位噪声,会导致混频信号强度的显著降低。