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Physical Review A

Nonreciprocal photon transmission with quantum noise reduction via cross-Kerr nonlinearity

Yi‐Bing Qian, Deng-Gao Lai, Mei-Ran Chen, Bang‐Pin Hou

Published Sep 7, 2021• 27 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The nonreciprocal photon transmission between two optical modes which are nonlinearly coupled in a cross-Kerr type is investigated by using a damped auxiliary optical mode as their common engineered reservoir. The optical nonreciprocity is created by quantum interference between the nonlinear coupling induced by the cross-Kerr nonlinearity and the dissipative coupling mediated by the adiabatic elimination of the auxiliary optical mode. The photon transmission probabilities in forward and backward directions for the relative phase $\ensuremath{\varphi}$ between the two couplings are symmetric about the resonance with the probabilities for the phase $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\varphi}$, and are exchange symmetric with those in the case of the phase $2\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\varphi}$. By tuning the dissipative coupling, in addition to the photon nonreciprocity being improved, the nonreciprocal photon amplification is produced. Meanwhile, it is found that not only can the cross-Kerr nonlinearity lead to a broadband optical nonreciprocity, but also it effectively produces the optical squeezing in the present scheme. The combination of the photon nonreciprocity with the optical squeezing will be useful in the realization of the quantum information processing with noise reduction.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.104.033705

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The nonreciprocal photon transmission between two optical modes which are nonlinearly coupled in a cross-Kerr type is investigated by using a damped auxiliary optical mode as their common engineered reservoir. The optical nonreciprocity is created by quantum interference between the nonlinear coupling induced by the cross-Kerr nonlinearity and the dissipative coupling mediated by the adiabatic elimination of the auxiliary optical mode. The photon transmission probabilities in forward and backward directions for the relative phase \ensuremathφ\ensuremath{\varphi}\ensuremathφ between the two couplings are symmetric about the resonance with the probabilities for the phase \ensuremathπ\ensuremath−\ensuremathφ\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\varphi}\ensuremathπ\ensuremath−\ensuremathφ, and are exchange symmetric with those in the case of the phase 2\ensuremathπ\ensuremath−\ensuremathφ2\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\varphi}2\ensuremathπ\ensuremath−\ensuremathφ. By tuning the dissipative coupling, in addition to the photon nonreciprocity being improved, the nonreciprocal photon amplification is produced. Meanwhile, it is found that not only can the cross-Kerr nonlinearity lead to a broadband optical nonreciprocity, but also it effectively produces the optical squeezing in the present scheme. The combination of the photon nonreciprocity with the optical squeezing will be useful in the realization of the quantum information processing with noise reduction.
We propose an all-optical approach to achieve optical nonreciprocity on a chip by quantum squeezing one of two coupled resonator modes. By parametric pumping a χ^{(2)}-nonlinear resonator unidirectionally with a classical coherent field, we squeeze the resonator mode in a selective direction due to the phase-matching condition, and induce a chiral photon interaction between two resonators. Based on this chiral interresonator coupling, we achieve an all-optical diode and a three-port quasicirculator. By applying a second squeezed-vacuum field to the squeezed resonator mode, our nonreciprocal device also works for single-photon pulses. We obtain an isolation ratio of >40 dB for the diode and fidelity of >98% for the quasicirculator, and insertion loss of <1 dB for both. We also show that nonreciprocal transmission of strong light can be switched on and off by a relative weak pump light. This achievement implies a nonreciprocal optical transistor. Our protocol opens up a new route to achieve integrable all-optical nonreciprocal devices permitting chip-compatible optical isolation and nonreciporcal quantum information processing.
We propose a scheme for implementing nonreciprocal transmission and a nonreciprocal photon blockade (PB) in a whispering-gallery-mode optomechanical resonator. By decoupling the mechanical degree of freedom under the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, the system is reduced to one incorporating Kerr-type nonlinearities induced by optomechanical coupling, including self-Kerr nonlinearities of the clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW) modes and cross-Kerr nonlinearity between these two modes, thereby strong nonreciprocal PB and transmission can be implemented. We demonstrate that the nonreciprocal PB and transmission are sensitive to the relative phase $\ensuremath{\theta}$ between CW and CCW modes, allowing for switching between reciprocity and nonreciprocity of PB and transmission through engineering the relative phase of external driving lasers. Numerical results obtained with experimental parameters validate the feasibility of achieving perfect nonreciprocal PB and transmission. Our paper presents a viable mechanism for the implementation of perfect nonreciprocal PB and transmission, along with a versatile approach of phase modulation, which holds great promise in serving as a chiral single-photon source in unidirectional quantum communications based on quantum nonreciprocal devices.
The properties of the open quantum system in quantum information is a science now extensively investigated more generally as a fundamental issue for a variety of applications. Usually, the states of the open quantum system might be disturbed by decoherence which will reduce the fidelity in the quantum information processing. So it is better to eliminate the influence of the environment. However, as part of the composite system, rational use of the environment system could be beneficial to quantum information processing. Here we theoretically studied the environment induced quantum nonlinearity and energy spectrum tuning method in the optomechanical system. And we found that the dissipation coupling of the hybrid dissipation and dispersion optomechanical system can induce the coupling between the environment and system in the cross-Kerr interaction form. When the symmetry is broken with a directional auxiliary field, the system exhibits the non-reciprocal behavior during the photon excitation and photon blockade for the clockwise and counterclockwise modes of the whispering gallery mode microcavity. Furthermore, we believe that the cross-Kerr coupling can be more widely used in quantum information processing and quantum simulation.
Nonlinearity-induced nonreciprocity is studied in a system comprising two resonators coupled to a one-dimensional waveguide when the linear system does not exhibit nonreciprocity. The analysis is based on the Hamiltonian of the coupled system and includes the dissipative coupling between the waveguide and resonators, along with the input-output relations. We consider a large number of scenarios which can lead to nonreciprocity. We pay special attention to the case when the linear system does not exhibit nonreciprocal behavior. In this case, we show how very significant nonreciprocal behavior can result from Kerr nonlinearities. We find that the bistability of the nonlinear system can aid in achieving large nonreciprocity. Additionally, we bring out nonreciprocity in the excitation of each resonator, which can be monitored independently. Our results highlight the profound influence of nonlinearity on nonreciprocal behavior, offering an avenue for controlling light propagation in integrated photonic circuits. Nonlinearity-induced nonreciprocity would lead to significant nonreciprocity in quantum fluctuations when our system is treated quantum mechanically. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
We propose a scheme to generate nonreciprocal photon blockade in a stationary whispering gallery microresonator system based on two physical mechanisms. One of the two mechanisms is inspired by recent work [Phys. Rev. Lett.128, 083604 (2022)10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.083604], where the quantum squeezing caused by parametric interaction not only shifts the optical frequency of propagating mode but also enhances its optomechanical coupling, resulting in a nonreciprocal conventional photon blockade phenomenon. On the other hand, we also give another mechanism to generate stronger nonreciprocity of photon correlation according to the destructive quantum interference. Comparing these two strategies, the required nonlinear strength of parametric interaction in the second one is smaller, and the broadband squeezed vacuum field used to eliminate thermalization noise is no longer needed. All analyses and optimal parameter relations are further verified by numerically simulating the quantum master equation. Our proposed scheme opens a new avenue for achieving the nonreciprocal single photon source without stringent requirements, which may have critical applications in quantum communication, quantum information processing, and topological photonics.
Optical nonreciprocity is important in photonic information processing to route the optical signal or prevent the reverse flow of noise. By adopting the strong nonlinearity associated with a few atoms in a strongly coupled cavity QED system and an asymmetric cavity configuration, we experimentally demonstrate the nonreciprocal transmission between two counterpropagating light fields with extremely low power. The transmission of 18% is achieved for the forward light field, and the maximum blocking ratio for the reverse light is 30 dB. Though the transmission of the forward light can be maximized by optimizing the impedance matching of the cavity, it is ultimately limited by the inherent loss of the scheme. This nonreciprocity can even occur on a few-photon level due to the high optical nonlinearity of the system. The working power can be flexibly tuned by changing the effective number of atoms strongly coupled to the cavity. The idea and result can be applied to optical chips as optical diodes by using fiber-based cavity QED systems. Our work opens up new perspectives for realizing optical nonreciprocity on a few-photon level based on the nonlinearities of atoms strongly coupled to an optical cavity.