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International Conference on Communication Information and Computing Technology (ICCICT)

Impact of Channel Estimation Errors on Secret Key Capacity in MIMO-OFDM Systems

K P Anjana, R. Ramanathan

Published Jun 25, 2021• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

MIMO-OFDM as well as MIMO systems are two steering technologies for 5G and beyond communication systems. The key problem with conventional method is that the security protocols used does not take any advantage of the wireless channel features, making eavesdropping a serious issue. This poses security issues at the physical layer. In this paper, we use SecretKey Capacity (SKC) on MIMO and MIMO-OFDM systems with more than one receiver antennas for the eavesdropper. We investigate the impact of channel estimation errors on the SKC performance. We derive the closed form expressions for SKC for both the MIMO and MIMO-OFDM channel The effect of channel estimation errors at the legitimate receiver end is also investigated for different MIMO-OFDM configurations. MIMO-OFDM channels can achieve positive SKC even when eavesdropper has higher number of receiver antenna than legitimate receiver, which is not possible in the case of MIMO channels. Increase in the channel estimation errors can increase SKC of the system. SKC results are discussed here with different number of transmit and receive antenna for eavesdropper and legitimate receiver.

DOI
10.1109/iccict50803.2021.9510151

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MIMO-OFDM as well as MIMO systems are two steering technologies for 5G and beyond communication systems. The key problem with conventional method is that the security protocols used does not take any advantage of the wireless channel features, making eavesdropping a serious issue. This poses security issues at the physical layer. In this paper, we use SecretKey Capacity (SKC) on MIMO and MIMO-OFDM systems with more than one receiver antennas for the eavesdropper. We investigate the impact of channel estimation errors on the SKC performance. We derive the closed form expressions for SKC for both the MIMO and MIMO-OFDM channel The effect of channel estimation errors at the legitimate receiver end is also investigated for different MIMO-OFDM configurations. MIMO-OFDM channels can achieve positive SKC even when eavesdropper has higher number of receiver antenna than legitimate receiver, which is not possible in the case of MIMO channels. Increase in the channel estimation errors can increase SKC of the system. SKC results are discussed here with different number of transmit and receive antenna for eavesdropper and legitimate receiver.
MIMO and MIMO-OFDM systems are the enabling technologies for the next generation wireless systems. However, the radio signals transmitted are available for reception by a illegitimate user leading to eavesdropping. This raises severe concerns on the security of the transmission. Physical Layer security aims to exploit the wireless channel characteristics and in turn provide secure transmission robust against eavesdropping. In this paper, we investigate the Secret Key Capacity (SKC) in MIMO-OFDM systems. We derive expressions for SKC in MIMO systems and extend further to OFDM waveforms. Numerical simulations are performed for various transmit and receive antenna configurations without any estimation errors.
This paper presents an analysis of Maurer-Ahlswede-Csiszar (MAC) bounds on secret-key capacity (SKC) based on a MIMO channel probing scheme between two multi-antenna nodes against a multi-antenna eavesdropper (Eve). To reveal useful insights into SKC, we consider the regime of high signal powers or high signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) where SKC consists of a first-order term (FoT) which is proportional to the logarithm of signal power, and a second-order term (SoT) which is invariant to signal power. Applying random-matrix theory for large numbers of antennas on all nodes, this paper shows the FoT and SoT of a lower MAC bound on SKC. While the FoT is consistent with prior work, which vanishes if none of the two nodes has more antennas than Eve and the channel is not perfectly reciprocal, the SoT shows a positive secrecy that increases linearly with the length of random transmissions from one node to another during channel probing even if Eve has many more antennas than the legitimate nodes.
Physical layer-based secret key generation (PHY-SKG) schemes have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their lightweight implementation and ability to achieve information-theoretical security. In this paper, we study a channel frequency response (CFR)-based SKG scheme for in-band full-duplex (IBFD)-multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) systems. We formulate the intrinsic practical imperfections and derive their effects on the probing errors. Then we derive closed-form expressions for the secret key capacity (SKC) in the presence of a passive eavesdropper accordingly. We analyze the asymptotic behavior of the SKC in the high-SNR regime and reveal the fundamental limits for IBFD and HD probing. Based on the asymptotic SKC, we investigate the conditions under which IBFD can outperform HD. Numerical results illustrate that effective analog self-interference cancellation (ASIC) depth is the basis for IBFD probing to gain benefits over HD. Finally, we analyze the properties of the collected samples of the CFR-based SKG scheme and propose an averaging pre-processing and a segmental quantization, which reduce the key disagreement rate and remove the effects of large-scale fading to guarantee randomness. 3GPP specification-based simulations and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) test suite verify the theoretical analysis and the effectiveness of the proposed SKG scheme.
This chapter considers securing wireless communications at the physical layer using multiple antennas. In particular, the multiple antenna (MIMO) wiretap channel is presented and its secrecy capacity is provided. Further investigation of the high-SNR characterization of the secrecy capacity, i.e., secure degrees of freedom, reveals that the secrecy capacity of the MIMO wiretap channel does not scale with the transmit power when the eavesdropper has an advantage over the legitimate transmitter in the number of antennas. An external multi-antenna cooperative jammer terminal is introduced to the channel model in order to improve its secrecy capacity scaling with power. The secure degrees of freedom for this new multi-terminal multi-antenna channel is characterized. While for these models the eavesdropper channel state information is known at the legitimate terminals, the chapter next removes this assumption and presents results that utilize multiple antennas in order to provide secure communications irrespective of the eavesdropper channel state. An achievable strong secrecy rate and the secure degrees of freedom characterization for the MIMO wiretap channel when the eavesdropper channel is arbitrary, varying, and unknown at the legitimate terminals are presented. Finally, the extension of this model to the two-user multiple access MIMO wiretap channel is considered and its secure degrees of freedom region is characterized. Introduction The wiretap channel and the notion of secrecy capacity, introduced in [1] and generalized by [2], have provided the framework for physical layer design for wireless channels with information theoretic guarantees against eavesdropping. A natural model in wireless communications is one which utilizes multiple antennas for transmission and reception at each node. The improvement in secrecy rate that can be obtained using multiple antennas in a point-to-point channel with an eavesdropper has been studied extensively in several references, including [3, 4]. Specifically, the secrecy capacity of the Gaussian model consisting of a multiple antenna legitimate transmitter, a multiple antenna legitimate receiver, and a multiple antenna eavesdropper, termed the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wiretap channel, has been identified in full generality in [5, 6].
Emerging from the information-theoretic characterization of secrecy, physical-layer security exploits the physical properties of the wireless channel for security purpose. In recent years, a great deal of attention has been paid to investigating the physical-layer security issues in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communications. This paper analyzes the secrecy performance of transmit-receive diversity system and spatial multiplexing systems with zero-forcing equalization and minimum mean-square-error equalization. Specifically, exact and asymptotic closed-form expressions are derived for the secrecy outage probability of such MIMO systems in a Rayleigh fading environment, and the corresponding secrecy diversity orders and secrecy array gains are determined. Numerical results are presented to corroborate the analytical results and to examine the impact of various system parameters, including the numbers of antennas at the transmitter, the legitimate receiver, and the eavesdropper. These contributions bring about valuable insights into the physical-layer security in MIMO wireless systems.