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Current Applied Physics

Tunable optical bistability at microwave frequency based on 1D sandwich photonic structure consisting of a nonlinear dielectric slab and two magnetized cold plasma layers

Wei Liu, Jian-Wei Wu

Published Jun 18, 2021• 10 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.cap.2021.06.003

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In this paper, we propose an optical bistable structure based on a single graphene layer sandwiched between two magnetooptical layers which are located between two photonic crystals. It is indicated that such structure shows optical bistability behaviors, in the near infrared range, which can be efficiently controlled with small external magnetic fields lower than 1.5 mT. Such weak external magnetic fields cannot affect the graphene layer and the dependence of bistability phenomenon on the magnetic field results from the presence of magnetooptical layers and their influences on the resonance frequency of the structure. Both switch-up and switch-down thresholds can be significantly adjusted by variation of the external magnetic field. Furthermore, the width of hysteresis loop enhances with increasing the magnetic field. To obtain a high tunability of bistability with external magnetic fields, the thickness of magnetooptical layers should be larger than a special value. It is also found that the increase of the Fermi energy level of graphene leads to the enhancement of both switch-up and switch-down thresholds as well as the width of the hysteresis loop. Finally, it is confirmed that optical bistability can be manipulated by changing the incident illumination angle.
We propose a modified Kretschmann-Raether configuration to realize the low threshold optical bistable devices at the terahertz frequencies. The metal layer is replaced by the dielectric sandwich structure with the insertion of graphene, and this configuration can support TM-polarization surface electromagnetic wave. The surface plasmon resonance is strongly dependent on the Fermi-level of graphene and the thickness of the sandwich structure. It is found that the switching-up and switching-down intensities required to observe the optical bistable behavior are lowered markedly due to the excitation of the graphene surface plasmons, thus making this configuration a prime candidate for experimental investigation at the terahertz range. And the switching threshold value can be further reduced by decreasing the Fermi-level or increasing the thickness of sandwich structure, hence providing a new way for realizing tunable optical bistable devices. Finally, the optical bistability at higher terahertz frequency and the influence of relaxation time under the actual experimental condition on Fermi-level are discussed.