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International Conference on Space Optics (ICSO)

Studies on the mid-term effects of the double-modulation CPT clock

Alexandre Bouvier, Claudio Eligio Calosso, Peter Yun, Emeric de Clercq, Stéphane Guérandel

Published Jun 11, 2021• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We present recent studies on a continuous compact atomic clock based on the double modulation coherent 1 population trapping (DM-CPT) technique. A short term frequency stability of 2.9x10-13τ-1/2 up to 100 s averaging time is reported. A new technique and time sequence in order to gain in stability in the 1000 s is presented, allowing a frequency stability of 2.0x10−13 at this averaging time, which is better by almost an order of magnitude than the previously published results.

DOI
10.1117/12.2599644

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We present recent studies on a continuous compact atomic clock based on the double modulation coherent 1 population trapping (DM-CPT) technique. A short term frequency stability of 2.9x10-13τ-1/2 up to 100 s averaging time is reported. A new technique and time sequence in order to gain in stability in the 1000 s is presented, allowing a frequency stability of 2.0x10−13 at this averaging time, which is better by almost an order of magnitude than the previously published results.
Atomic clocks based on coherent population trapping and constructive polarization modulation are promising for high performance and compact devices. We have demonstrated a cw mode CPT clock with a short-term fractional frequency stability at the level of 3. \pmb2×10-13/√{τ} for a few 100 s integration time. This Double-Modulation CPT technology can be reduced to a miniature and robust setup due to its linear architecture. This clock could find future applications in industry, telecommunications, instrumentation, or global navigation satellite systems.
We demonstrate a vapor-cell atomic-clock prototype based on a continuous-wave interrogation and double-modulation coherent population trapping (DM-CPT) technique. The DM-CPT technique uses a synchronous modulation of polarization and the relative phase of a bichromatic laser beam in order to increase the number of atoms trapped in a dark state, i.e., a nonabsorbing state. The narrow resonance, observed in the transmission of a Cs vapor cell, is used as a narrow frequency discriminator in an atomic clock. A detailed characterization of the CPT resonance versus numerous parameters is reported. A short-term fractional-frequency stability of 3.2×10−13τ−1/2 up to a 100-s averaging time is measured. These performances are more than one order of magnitude better than industrial Rb clocks and are comparable to those of the best laboratory-prototype vapor-cell clocks. The noise-budget analysis shows that the short- and midterm frequency stability is mainly limited by the power fluctuations of the microwave used to generate the bichromatic laser. These preliminary results demonstrate that the DM-CPT technique is well suited for the development of a high-performance atomic clock, with the potential compact and robust setup due to its linear architecture. This clock could find future applications in industry, telecommunications, instrumentation, or global navigation satellite systems.
This paper reports on our best performance achieved with a laboratory compact CPT caesium clock. The device is working in a pulsed regime with orthogonal linear polarizations arranged in the so-called double-lambda configuration using two separate phase-locked lasers tuned to the D1 line. The short term frequency stability has been measured at the level of 3.2×10−13τ−1/2. The mid-term stability is limited at a few 10−14after hundreds of seconds. The main noise sources impacting both short and mid terms are presented and discussed.
This article reports on the development and short-term fractional frequency stability of a continuous-regime (CW) Cs vapor cell atomic clock based on coherent population trapping (CPT). The push-pull optical pumping technique is used to increase the number of atoms that participate to the clock transition, yielding a typical CPT resonance contrast of 25% for a CPT linewidth of about 450 Hz. The clock short-term fractional frequency stability is measured to be 3 x 10 -13 τ -1/2 up to 100 seconds averaging time, in correct agreement with the signal-to-noise ratio limit. The mid-term frequency stability results are currently mainly limited by laser power effects. The detection of high-contrast narrow Raman-Ramsey fringes is demonstrated with this setup by making the atoms interact with a light pulse sequence.