Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

Prospect for Precision Measurement of the Yb2+ 1S0–\(^{3}\text{P}_{0}^{o}\) Transition Frequency

Naoki Kimura, Masatoshi Kajita

Published May 31, 2021• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We discuss prospects of precision measurement of the Yb2+ 4f14 1S0–4f13 5d \(^{3}\text{P}_{0}^{o}\) transition frequency (1.4 × 1015 Hz). Attainable uncertainty of this precision measurement is theoretically estimated. This transition is free from the electric quadrupole shift, and this specific property allows for precision spectroscopy using a multi-ion string Coulomb crystal and contributes to reduction of the statistical uncertainty. A systematic uncertainty of the order 10−18 is attainable because the Stark and Zeeman shifts are small due to the intrinsic level structure of multiply charged ions. This clock transition can be monitored without quantum logical methods by observing the laser-induced fluorescence from the 1S0–\(^{3}\text{P}_{1}^{o}\) transition with a closed optical cycle.

DOI
10.7566/jpsj.90.064302

Related papers

Kilohertz-resolution spectroscopy of the 2S1/2−2F7/2 electric octupole transition in a single 171Yb+ ion

Stephen A. Webster, Philip H. Taylor, M. Roberts +2 more

Spectroscopy has been performed on $\mathrm{the}{}^{2}{S}_{1/2}(F=0,{m}_{F}{=0)\ensuremath{-}}^{2}{F}_{7/2}{(F=3,m}_{F}=0)$ electric octupole transition in ${}^{171}{\mathrm{Yb}}^{+}$ with kilohertz resolution. A quantum jump rate of more than one per second has been achieved, a factor of 100 improvement on previous work. Spectra including the sidebands at the trap secular frequency show the ion to be in the Lambe-Dicke regime and hence the Doppler effect has been eliminated to first order. The dynamic Stark shift is a significant perturbation to the frequency because of the high intensity required to drive the octupole transition. It has been measured as ${42}_{\ensuremath{-}10}^{+12} \ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{Hz}{\mathrm{W}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ and with further reduction in the probe laser linewidth, it should be possible to reduce the relative uncertainty in this shift to the parts in ${10}^{18}$ level. The transition is free from the Zeeman effect to first order and has a measured second-order shift of $1.9(3) \mathrm{mHz}(\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{T}{)}^{\ensuremath{-}2}.$ It should be possible to reduce the relative uncertainty in this shift to below the part in ${10}^{18}$ level. The electric quadrupole shift may be the limiting systematic effect, but cannot yet be observed with the current resolution on the transition.

Physical Review A•Apr 15, 2002•33 citations

Frequency measurement of the S21/2−F27/2 electric octupole transition in a single Y171b+ ion

Kazumoto Hosaka, Stephen A. Webster, A. F. B. Stannard +3 more

We report on precision laser spectroscopy of the ${^{2}S}_{1/2}(F=0)\text{\ensuremath{-}}{^{2}F}_{7/2}(F=3,{m}_{F}=0)$ clock transition in a single ion of ${^{171}\text{Y}\text{b}}^{+}$. A linewidth of $<40\text{ }\text{Hz}$ is observed and frequency instability due to fluctuation of the ac Stark shift is reduced through improved stability of the beam alignment. The absolute value of the transition frequency, determined using an optical frequency comb, is $642\text{ }121\text{ }496\text{ }772\text{ }657\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}12\text{ }\text{Hz}$ with a fractional uncertainty of $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}14}$. This is a factor of 50 better than the previously published value [Hosaka et al., IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 54, 759 (2005)].

Physical Review A•Mar 10, 2009•55 citations

Evaluation of an In+ Coulomb crystal clock with relative uncertainties in the low 10−18 range

H. N. Hausser

Clocks have been among the most accurate man-made devices for centuries. Atomic clocks, which have been defining time by means of a microwave transition in the 133Cs atom since 1967, represent a major step in this development. A redefinition of the SI unit of time based on optical atomic clocks is currently under discussion. This forthcoming redefinition requires, among other criteria, the repeated demonstration of the consistency of different optical frequency standards in the low 10−18 range. In this work, the first evaluation of the systematic shifts and their uncertainties in a 115In+–172Yb+ Coulomb crystal clock is presented. This clock utilizes the 1S0 ↔ 3P0 transition in 115In+. 172Yb+ ions are co-trapped with the 115In+ ions in a segmented Paul trap and used for sympathetic cooling. With a systematic uncertainty of 2.5×10−18 when operating with a 1In+–3Yb+ crystal and 2.6×10−18 when operating with a 2In+–4Yb+ crystal, this clock is one of the most accurate clocks in the world. In addition, the operation of the clock with multiple clock ions is the first of its kind at this level of uncertainty. Measurements with up to four clock ions show a reduction in instability from 1.6×10−15/√ τ for a single indium ion to 9.2(4)×10−16/√τ when operating with four indium ions. By using an additional quench laser, the instability in another series of measurements was reduced from a single-ion instability of 1.5×10−15/√ τ to a four-ion instability of 7.1(15)×10−16/√τ , which is consistent with the expected scaling of 1/√N with the number of clock ions N. In this work, the hyperfine structure of the 3P0 ↔ 1P1 transition used for quenching was also resolved for the first time and the hyperfine constants were determined to be AHFS = 265.42(75)MHz and BHFS = 291.4(135) MHz. In frequency comparisons with other clocks, the optical frequency ratios 115In+/171Yb+(E3) and 115In+/87Sr were determined. With a relative total uncertainty of 4.2 × 10−18, the former ratio is the most accurate frequency ratio of different species published to date. It is also the first to meet one of the requirements defined on the roadmap for redefining the SI unit of the second: Measurements of frequency ratios with relative total measurement uncertainties below 5 × 10−18. The determination of the absolute frequency results in an uncertainty of 1.3 × 10−16 for the 1S0 ↔ 3P0 transition in 115In+, which is limited by that of the cesium fountains. The results obtained summarized: ν115In+ ν171Yb+(E3) =1.973 773 591 557 215 788(8) ν115In+ ν87Sr =2.952 748 749 874 860 781(27) ν115In+ =1 267 402 452 901 038.87(16) Hz

•Jan 1, 2025•0 citations

Frequency measurement of the 2S1/2_2D3/2 electric quadrupole transition in a single 171yb+ ion

Stephen A. Webster, R. M. Godun, S. A. King +6 more

We report on precision laser spectroscopy of the 2S(1/2)(F = 0)-2D(3/2) (F = 2, m(F) = 0) clock transition in a single ion of 171Yb+. The absolute value of the transition frequency, determined using an optical frequency comb referenced to a hydrogen maser, is 688358979309310 +/- 9 Hz. This corresponds to a fractional frequency uncertainty of 1.3 x 10(-14).

IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control•Mar 1, 2010•19 citations

Frequency measurement of the 2S1/2 – 2D3/2 electric quadrupole transition in a single 171Yb+ ion

Stephen A. Webster, R. M. Godun, S. A. King +6 more

We report on precision laser spectroscopy of the2S1/2(F = 0) -2D3/2(F = 2, mF= 0) clock transition in a single ion of171Yb+. The absolute value of the transition frequency, determined using an optical frequency comb referenced to a hydrogen maser, is 688 358 979 309 310 plusmn 9 Hz. This corresponds to a fractional uncertainty of 1.3 times 10-14.

Joint Conference of the European Frequency and Time Forum and IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFCS)•Apr 1, 2009•0 citations

Electric Quadrupole Shift Cancellation in Single-Ion Optical Frequency Standards

P. Dubé, Alan A. Madej, J. E. Bernard +3 more

The electric quadrupole shift is presently the most significant source of uncertainty on the systematic shifts for several single-ion optical frequency standards. We present a simple method for cancelling this shift based on measurements of the Zeeman spectrum of the clock transition. This method is easy to implement and yields very high cancellation levels. A fractional uncertainty of 5 x 10(-18) for the canceled quadrupole shift is estimated for a measurement of the absolute frequency of the 5s (2)S(1/2)-4d (2)D(5/2) clock transition of 88Sr+.

Physical Review Letters•Jul 12, 2005•153 citations
Prospect for Precision Measurement of the Yb2+ 1S0–3P0o^{3}\text{P}_{0}^{o}3P0o​ Transition Frequency
We discuss prospects of precision measurement of the Yb2+ 4f14 1S0–4f13 5d (^{3}\text{P}{0}^{o}) transition frequency (1.4 × 1015 Hz). Attainable uncertainty of this precision measurement is theoretically estimated. This transition is free from the electric quadrupole shift, and this specific property allows for precision spectroscopy using a multi-ion string Coulomb crystal and contributes to reduction of the statistical uncertainty. A systematic uncertainty of the order 10−18 is attainable because the Stark and Zeeman shifts are small due to the intrinsic level structure of multiply charged ions. This clock transition can be monitored without quantum logical methods by observing the laser-induced fluorescence from the 1S0–(^{3}\text{P}{1}^{o}) transition with a closed optical cycle.
Spectroscopy has been performed on $\mathrm{the}{}^{2}{S}_{1/2}(F=0,{m}_{F}{=0)\ensuremath{-}}^{2}{F}_{7/2}{(F=3,m}_{F}=0)$ electric octupole transition in 171Yb+{}^{171}{\mathrm{Yb}}^{+}171Yb+ with kilohertz resolution. A quantum jump rate of more than one per second has been achieved, a factor of 100 improvement on previous work. Spectra including the sidebands at the trap secular frequency show the ion to be in the Lambe-Dicke regime and hence the Doppler effect has been eliminated to first order. The dynamic Stark shift is a significant perturbation to the frequency because of the high intensity required to drive the octupole transition. It has been measured as ${42}_{\ensuremath{-}10}^{+12} \ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{Hz}{\mathrm{W}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ and with further reduction in the probe laser linewidth, it should be possible to reduce the relative uncertainty in this shift to the parts in 1018{10}^{18}1018 level. The transition is free from the Zeeman effect to first order and has a measured second-order shift of $1.9(3) \mathrm{mHz}(\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{T}{)}^{\ensuremath{-}2}.$ It should be possible to reduce the relative uncertainty in this shift to below the part in 1018{10}^{18}1018 level. The electric quadrupole shift may be the limiting systematic effect, but cannot yet be observed with the current resolution on the transition.
We report on precision laser spectroscopy of the ${^{2}S}_{1/2}(F=0)\text{\ensuremath{-}}{^{2}F}_{7/2}(F=3,{m}_{F}=0)$ clock transition in a single ion of 171Yb+{^{171}\text{Y}\text{b}}^{+}171Yb+. A linewidth of <40 Hz<40\text{ }\text{Hz}<40 Hz is observed and frequency instability due to fluctuation of the ac Stark shift is reduced through improved stability of the beam alignment. The absolute value of the transition frequency, determined using an optical frequency comb, is $642\text{ }121\text{ }496\text{ }772\text{ }657\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}12\text{ }\text{Hz}$ with a fractional uncertainty of $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}14}$. This is a factor of 50 better than the previously published value [Hosaka et al., IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 54, 759 (2005)].
Clocks have been among the most accurate man-made devices for centuries. Atomic clocks, which have been defining time by means of a microwave transition in the 133Cs atom since 1967, represent a major step in this development. A redefinition of the SI unit of time based on optical atomic clocks is currently under discussion. This forthcoming redefinition requires, among other criteria, the repeated demonstration of the consistency of different optical frequency standards in the low 10−18 range. In this work, the first evaluation of the systematic shifts and their uncertainties in a 115In+–172Yb+ Coulomb crystal clock is presented. This clock utilizes the 1S0 ↔ 3P0 transition in 115In+. 172Yb+ ions are co-trapped with the 115In+ ions in a segmented Paul trap and used for sympathetic cooling. With a systematic uncertainty of 2.5×10−18 when operating with a 1In+–3Yb+ crystal and 2.6×10−18 when operating with a 2In+–4Yb+ crystal, this clock is one of the most accurate clocks in the world. In addition, the operation of the clock with multiple clock ions is the first of its kind at this level of uncertainty. Measurements with up to four clock ions show a reduction in instability from 1.6×10−15/√ τ for a single indium ion to 9.2(4)×10−16/√τ when operating with four indium ions. By using an additional quench laser, the instability in another series of measurements was reduced from a single-ion instability of 1.5×10−15/√ τ to a four-ion instability of 7.1(15)×10−16/√τ , which is consistent with the expected scaling of 1/√N with the number of clock ions N. In this work, the hyperfine structure of the 3P0 ↔ 1P1 transition used for quenching was also resolved for the first time and the hyperfine constants were determined to be AHFS = 265.42(75)MHz and BHFS = 291.4(135) MHz. In frequency comparisons with other clocks, the optical frequency ratios 115In+/171Yb+(E3) and 115In+/87Sr were determined. With a relative total uncertainty of 4.2 × 10−18, the former ratio is the most accurate frequency ratio of different species published to date. It is also the first to meet one of the requirements defined on the roadmap for redefining the SI unit of the second: Measurements of frequency ratios with relative total measurement uncertainties below 5 × 10−18. The determination of the absolute frequency results in an uncertainty of 1.3 × 10−16 for the 1S0 ↔ 3P0 transition in 115In+, which is limited by that of the cesium fountains. The results obtained summarized: ν115In+ ν171Yb+(E3) =1.973 773 591 557 215 788(8) ν115In+ ν87Sr =2.952 748 749 874 860 781(27) ν115In+ =1 267 402 452 901 038.87(16) Hz
The electric quadrupole shift is presently the most significant source of uncertainty on the systematic shifts for several single-ion optical frequency standards. We present a simple method for cancelling this shift based on measurements of the Zeeman spectrum of the clock transition. This method is easy to implement and yields very high cancellation levels. A fractional uncertainty of 5 x 10(-18) for the canceled quadrupole shift is estimated for a measurement of the absolute frequency of the 5s (2)S(1/2)-4d (2)D(5/2) clock transition of 88Sr+.