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Applied Magnetic Resonance

Pure Superradiance from the Inverted Levels of Spin Triplet States Coupled to Resonator

Nathalie P. Fokina, Maia O. Elizbarashvili

Published May 31, 2021• 3 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s00723-021-01346-x

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We study the collective decay of an initially inverted ensemble of two-level emitters in two distinct scenarios: when coupled to a squeezed photonic reservoir and when interacting with a one-dimensional waveguide. Using a quantum-state diffusion approach to unravel the emission process, we investigate entanglement and classical correlations along individual quantum trajectories over time. This numerical analysis shows that despite an initial buildup of entanglement and a significant amount of entanglement due to either spin squeezing or dark states at late times, the essential features of the superradiant burst are well described by averages over fully factorizable states. We explain this observation in terms of an almost complete factorization of all 2-local observables, which we identify as a generic property of superradiant decay. Based on this insight, we provide a purely classical theory for the burst in squeezed superradiance, which is both intuitive and exact for a large number of emitters. Moreover, we find that our numerical approach also performs well in the presence of subradiant states, which dominate the slow residual decay of nonuniform ensembles at late times.
We investigate the multiple stable macroscopic quantum states of a Bose-Einstein condensate in an optomechanical cavity with pump-cavity field detuning and atom-photon interaction following the experimental realization of the quantum phase transition [Nature (London) 464, 1301 (2010)]. The spin-coherent-state variational method is useful in exploring the multistability since it has the advantage of including both normal and inverted pseudospin states. In the blue detuning regime the usual transition from normal to superradiant phases still exists, however, when the atom-field coupling increases to a certain value, called the turning point, the superradiant phase collapses due to the resonant damping of the mechanical oscillator. As a consequence, the system undergoes at this point an additional phase transition to the normal phase of the atomic population inversion state. In particular, the superradiant phase disappears completely at strong photon-phonon interaction, resulting in the direct atomic population transfer between two atomic levels. Moreover, the coupling-induced collapse and revival of the superradiant state are also found in the red detuning region.
We study the superradiant emission of an inverted spin ensemble strongly coupled to a superconducting cavity. After fast inversion, we detune the spins from the cavity and store the inversion for tens of milliseconds, during which the remaining transverse spin components disappear. Switching back on resonance enables us to study the onset of superradiance. A weak trigger pulse of a few hundred photons shifts the superradiant burst to earlier times and imprints its phase onto the emitted radiation. For long hold times, the inversion decreases below the threshold for spontaneous superradiance. There, the energy stored in the ensemble can be used to amplify microwave pulses passing through the cavity.