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Observations of Deterministic Quantum Correlation Using Coherent Light

Sang-Bae Kim, Byoung Seung HAM

Published Jun 11, 2021• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Complementarity theory is the essence of the Copenhagen interpretation in quantum mechanics. Since the Hanbury Brown and Twiss experiments, the particle nature of photons has been intensively studied for various quantum phenomena such as anticorrelation and Bell inequality violation over the last several decades. Regarding the quantum features based on the particle nature of photons, however, no clear answer exists for how to generate such an entangled photon pair or what causes the maximum correlation between them. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the physics of quantumness on anticorrelation using well defined and nearly sub-Poisson distributed coherent photons, where a particular photon number is post-selected using a photon resolving coincidence measurement technique. As a results, unprecedented wavelength dependent first-order intensity correlation has been observed in the two-photon second-order intensity correlation with 99.9 % visibility, where this result demonstrates the anticorrelation theory in Scientific Reports 10, 7309 (2020) and opens the door to the on-demand quantum correlation control.

DOI
10.21203/rs.3.rs-604290/v1

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Abstract Complementarity theory is the essence of the Copenhagen interpretation in quantum mechanics. Since the Hanbury Brown and Twiss experiments, the particle nature of photons has been intensively studied for various quantum phenomena such as anticorrelation and Bell inequality violation over the last several decades. Regarding the quantum features based on the particle nature of photons, however, no clear answer exists for how to generate such an entangled photon pair or what causes the maximum correlation between them. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the physics of quantumness on anticorrelation using well defined and nearly sub-Poisson distributed coherent photons, where a particular photon number is post-selected using a photon resolving coincidence measurement technique. As a results, unprecedented wavelength dependent first-order intensity correlation has been observed in the two-photon second-order intensity correlation with 99.9 % visibility, where this result demonstrates the anticorrelation theory in Scientific Reports 10, 7309 (2020) and opens the door to the on-demand quantum correlation control.
Complementarity theory is the essence of the Copenhagen interpretation. Since the Hanbury Brown and Twiss experiments, the particle nature of photons has been intensively studied for various quantum phenomena such as anticorrelation and Bell inequality violation in terms of two-photon correlation. Regarding the fundamental question on these quantum features, however, no clear answer exists for how to generate such an entanglement photon pair and what causes the maximum correlation between them. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the physics of anticorrelation on a beam splitter using sub-Poisson distributed coherent photons, where a particular photon number is post-selected using a multiphoton resolving coincidence measurement technique. According to Born rule regarding self-interference in an interferometric scheme, a photon does not interact with others, but can interfere by itself. This is the heart of anticorrelation, where a particular phase relation between paired photons is unveiled for anticorrelation, satisfying the complementarity theory of quantum mechanics.
Abstract Complementarity or wave-particle duality has been the basis of quantum mechanics over the last century. Since the Hanbury Brown and Twiss experiments in 1956, the particle nature of single photons has been intensively studied for various quantum phenomena such as anticorrelation and Bell inequality violation. Regarding the fundamental question on quantumness or nonclassicality, however, no clear answer exists for what quantum entanglement should be and how to generate it. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the secrete of quantumness using the wave nature of single photons.
Abstract Over the last several decades, quantum entanglement has been intensively studied for potential applications in quantum information science. Although intensive studies have progressed for nonlocal correlation, fundamental understanding of entanglement itself is still limited. Here, the quantum feature of anticorrelation, the so-called HOM dip, based on probabilistic entangled photon pairs is analyzed for its fundamental physics and compared with a new method of on-demand entangled photon pair generations using coherent light. The fundamental physics why there is no correlation in HOM dip measurements is answered, and new coherence quantum physics is proposed for macroscopic quantum entanglement generations.
Unlike one-photon (first order) intensity correlation, two-photon (second order) intensity correlation is known to be impossible to achieve by any classical means. Over the last several decades, such quantum features have been intensively demonstrated for anti-correlation in the Hong-Ou-Mandel effects and nonlocal correlation in Bell inequality violation. Here, we present coherence manipulations of attenuated laser light to achieve such a quantum feature using pure coherence optics. Unlike the common understanding of the two-photon intensity correlations, the present coherence approach gives an equivalent classical version to the known quantum approach. To excite the coherence quantum features between paired coherent photons, a selective measurement process plays an essential role in creating the inseparable joint phase relation between independent local parameters. The local randomness is also satisfied in both parties using orthonormal polarization bases of a single photon.
Over the last several decades, entangled photon pairs generated from \c{hi}^((2)) nonlinear optical materials via spontaneous parametric down conversion processes have been intensively studied for various quantum correlations such as Bell inequality violation and anticorrelation. In a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the photonic de Broglie wavelength has also been studied for quantum sensing with an enhanced phase resolution overcoming the standard quantum limit. Here, the fundamental principles of quantumness are investigated in an interferometric scheme for controllable quantum correlation not only for bipartite entangled photon pairs in a microscopic regime, but also for macroscopic coherence entanglement generation.
Quantum technologies based on the particle nature of a photon has been progressed over the last several decades, where the fundamental quantum features of entanglement have been tested by Hong-Ou-Mandel-type anticorrelation and Bell-type nonlocal correlation. Recently, mutually exclusive quantum features based on the wave nature of a photon have been investigated to understand the fundamental physics of mysterious quantum correlation, resulting in deterministic and macroscopic quantum technologies. Here, we study the quantum natures of paired photons acting on a beam splitter, where mutual coherence plays a major role. Unlike current common understanding on anticorrelation, bipartite entanglement between paired photons does not have to be probabilistic or post-selected, but can be deterministic and even macroscopic via phase basis manipulation without violating quantum mechanics.