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arXiv:2012.08700

Observations of On-Demand Quantum Correlation Using Poisson-Distributed Photon Pairs

Sang-Bae Kim, Byoung Seung HAM

Published Dec 15, 2020• 2 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Abstract Complementarity or wave-particle duality has been the basis of quantum mechanics over the last century. Since the Hanbury Brown and Twiss experiments in 1956, the particle nature of single photons has been intensively studied for various quantum phenomena such as anticorrelation and Bell inequality violation. Regarding the fundamental question on quantumness or nonclassicality, however, no clear answer exists for what quantum entanglement should be and how to generate it. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the secrete of quantumness using the wave nature of single photons.

DOI
10.21203/rs.3.rs-125559/v1

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Abstract Complementarity theory is the essence of the Copenhagen interpretation in quantum mechanics. Since the Hanbury Brown and Twiss experiments, the particle nature of photons has been intensively studied for various quantum phenomena such as anticorrelation and Bell inequality violation over the last several decades. Regarding the quantum features based on the particle nature of photons, however, no clear answer exists for how to generate such an entangled photon pair or what causes the maximum correlation between them. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the physics of quantumness on anticorrelation using well defined and nearly sub-Poisson distributed coherent photons, where a particular photon number is post-selected using a photon resolving coincidence measurement technique. As a results, unprecedented wavelength dependent first-order intensity correlation has been observed in the two-photon second-order intensity correlation with 99.9 % visibility, where this result demonstrates the anticorrelation theory in Scientific Reports 10, 7309 (2020) and opens the door to the on-demand quantum correlation control.
Complementarity theory is the essence of the Copenhagen interpretation. Since the Hanbury Brown and Twiss experiments, the particle nature of photons has been intensively studied for various quantum phenomena such as anticorrelation and Bell inequality violation in terms of two-photon correlation. Regarding the fundamental question on these quantum features, however, no clear answer exists for how to generate such an entanglement photon pair and what causes the maximum correlation between them. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the physics of anticorrelation on a beam splitter using sub-Poisson distributed coherent photons, where a particular photon number is post-selected using a multiphoton resolving coincidence measurement technique. According to Born rule regarding self-interference in an interferometric scheme, a photon does not interact with others, but can interfere by itself. This is the heart of anticorrelation, where a particular phase relation between paired photons is unveiled for anticorrelation, satisfying the complementarity theory of quantum mechanics.
Quantum technologies based on the particle nature of a photon has been progressed over the last several decades, where the fundamental quantum feature of entanglement has been tested by Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) type anticorrelation as well as Bell-type nonlocal correlation. Mutually exclusive quantum natures of the wave-particle duality of a single photon have been intensively investigated to understand the fundamental physics of mysterious quantum nature. Here, we revisit the HOM-type quantum correlation to answer the question whether the HOM-type anticorrelation can be a test tool for quantum entanglement. For this, a pair of spontaneous parametric down converted photons is tested for the anticorrelation of HOM effects, where the SPDC-generated photon pair is not in an entangled state.
Quantum technologies based on the particle nature of a photon has been progressed over the last several decades, where the fundamental quantum features of entanglement have been tested by Hong-Ou-Mandel-type anticorrelation and Bell-type nonlocal correlation. Recently, mutually exclusive quantum features based on the wave nature of a photon have been investigated to understand the fundamental physics of mysterious quantum correlation, resulting in deterministic and macroscopic quantum technologies. Here, we study the quantum natures of paired photons acting on a beam splitter, where mutual coherence plays a major role. Unlike current common understanding on anticorrelation, bipartite entanglement between paired photons does not have to be probabilistic or post-selected, but can be deterministic and even macroscopic via phase basis manipulation without violating quantum mechanics.
Wave-particle duality is the most fundamental description of the nature of a quantum object, which behaves like a classical particle or wave depending on the measurement apparatus. On the other hand, entanglement represents nonclassical correlations of composite quantum systems, being also a key resource in quantum information. Despite the very recent observations of wave-particle superposition and entanglement, whether these two fundamental traits of quantum mechanics can emerge simultaneously remains an open issue. Here we introduce and experimentally realize a scheme that deterministically generates entanglement between the wave and particle states of two photons. The elementary tool allowing this achievement is a scalable single-photon setup which can be in principle extended to generate multiphoton wave-particle entanglement. Our study reveals that photons can be entangled in their dual wave-particle behavior and opens the way to potential applications in quantum information protocols exploiting the wave-particle degrees of freedom to encode qubits.Here the authors experimentally realize a scheme that deterministically generates entanglement between the wave and particle states of two photons using a scalable all-optical scheme. They achieve this result by first showing generation of controllable single-photon wave-particle superposition states.
Abstract Recently, a new interpretation of quantum mechanics has been developed for the wave nature of a photon, where determinacy in quantum correlations becomes an inherent property without the violation of quantum mechanics. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a direct proof of the wave natures of quantum correlation for the so-called coherence de Broglie waves (CBWs) using sub-Poisson distributed coherent photon pairs obtained from an attenuated laser. The observed experimental data coincides with the analytic solutions and the numerical calculations. Thus, the CBWs pave a road toward deterministic and macroscopic quantum technologies for such as quantum metrology, quantum sensing, and even quantum communications, that are otherwise heavily limited due to the microscopic non-determinacy of the particle nature-based quantum mechanics.