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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Reconstruction of the Band Structure of a 2D Lattice of Superconducting Resonators with Laser Scanning Microscopy

Alexis Morvan, Mathieu Féchant, Gianluca Aiello, Julien Gabelli, Jérôme Estève

Published Mar 16, 2021• 0 citations
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Microwave photons inside lattices of coupled resonators and superconducting qubits can exhibit surprising matterlike behavior.Realizing such open-system quantum simulators presents an experimental challenge and requires new tools and measurement techniques.Here, we introduce scanning defect microscopy as one such tool and illustrate its use in mapping the normal-mode structure of microwave photons inside a 49-site kagome lattice of coplanar waveguide resonators.Scanning is accomplished by moving a probe equipped with a sapphire tip across the lattice.This locally perturbs resonator frequencies and induces shifts of the lattice resonance frequencies, which we determine by measuring the transmission spectrum.From the magnitude of mode shifts, we can reconstruct photon field amplitudes at each lattice site and thus create spatial images of the photon-lattice normal modes.
Microwave photons inside lattices of coupled resonators and superconducting qubits can exhibit surprising matterlike behavior.Realizing such open-system quantum simulators presents an experimental challenge and requires new tools and measurement techniques.Here, we introduce scanning defect microscopy as one such tool and illustrate its use in mapping the normal-mode structure of microwave photons inside a 49-site kagome lattice of coplanar waveguide resonators.Scanning is accomplished by moving a probe equipped with a sapphire tip across the lattice.This locally perturbs resonator frequencies and induces shifts of the lattice resonance frequencies, which we determine by measuring the transmission spectrum.From the magnitude of mode shifts, we can reconstruct photon field amplitudes at each lattice site and thus create spatial images of the photon-lattice normal modes.
Low temperature scanning laser microscopy (LTSLM) is demonstrated to be capable of imaging sub-THz electromagnetic fields in cryoelectronic integrated structures. This method allows one to evaluate the spatial distribution of time-averaged field amplitudes with a resolution of about one micrometer for samples with characteristic dimensions of order millimeters. Using LTSLM, cryoelectronic devices with both passive and active superconducting elements can be characterized. Local heating of superconducting structures by a laser beam introduces extra loss for the propagating and standing sub-millimeter waves. We present LTSLM images of two-dimensional 400 to 500 standing GHz wave patterns in integrated superconducting receiver chips.