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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

High-precision temperature measurement with adjustable operating range based on weak measurement

Miaomiao Liu, Hongjing Li, Gongling Wang, Binke Xia, Jingzheng Huang, Guihua Zeng

Published Apr 21, 2021• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract High-precision temperature measurement with adjustable operating range is investigated and experimentally demonstrated based on weak measurement in the frequency domain. The operating range of measurement is precisely modulated by introducing a dynamic extra time delay to the post-selection pumped by a femtosecond laser. By choosing appropriate nonlinear materials and the attenuation, the resolution of the optimized extra time delay can be improved by two orders of magnitude over that of a traditional phase delay compensator. Considering the influence of noise in the experiment, the highest precision of 8.03 × 10 −7 °C can be achieved by using a currently available spectrometer. Moreover, the average sensitivity can reach to 38 nm/°C. Taking advantage of the high precision and adjustable operating range, the proposed method has great potential applications in high-precision temperature measurements.

DOI
10.1088/1361-6455/abc59f

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Abstract High-precision temperature measurement with adjustable operating range is investigated and experimentally demonstrated based on weak measurement in the frequency domain. The operating range of measurement is precisely modulated by introducing a dynamic extra time delay to the post-selection pumped by a femtosecond laser. By choosing appropriate nonlinear materials and the attenuation, the resolution of the optimized extra time delay can be improved by two orders of magnitude over that of a traditional phase delay compensator. Considering the influence of noise in the experiment, the highest precision of 8.03 × 10 −7 °C can be achieved by using a currently available spectrometer. Moreover, the average sensitivity can reach to 38 nm/°C. Taking advantage of the high precision and adjustable operating range, the proposed method has great potential applications in high-precision temperature measurements.
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Abstract High precision phase estimation is at the core of modern physics and practical applications. We investigate a method for high precision phase estimation via inserting a reference state which enables weak measurement technique to be used in wide dynamic range. A reference phase is introduced artificially to offset the time delay between preselection state and reference state. The sensitivity of measured phase and the linear dynamic range are controllable by adjusting reference phase. Moreover, an arbitrary postselection in measurement is applicable by choosing appropriate reference phase. This method has merits of controllable sensitivity and wide dynamic range, which shows great potential practical applications in high precision phase measurement.
We theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate a modulated weak measurement scheme that permits a precise estimation of the extended phase shift. By choosing the frequency and the total post-selected light intensity as the input and output meter variables, respectively, a linear weak measurement model is established that is especially applicable to precise phase estimation. By performing a time-delay-dependent modulation strategy based on the feedback modulation of the experimental outcome, both the high phase-sensitivity and measurement precision can be retained. We have achieved a precision at the order of ∼10−5 rad that can be effectively retained with an increase in the measured phase.
In the field of sensing technology, there is a trade-off between sensitivity and dynamic range. This paper proposes a high-precision weak measurement sensing method with flexible sensitivity adjustment to achieve matching between sensitivity and dynamic range. We demonstrate that precise control over sensitivity can be achieved by adjusting the bandwidth and coupling strength of the probe in frequency domain. In the experiment, the sensitivity ranges from 104 to 105RIU−1, and the precision ranges from 10−7 to 10−8 RIU. Additionally, the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide was precisely measured. Our measurement scheme can facilitate broader application of weak measurement technology in precision sensing.
Optical time delays play a pivotal role in modern physics and practical applications. We propose and experimentally validate a weak measurement system with a double-edge filter, which enables the real-time, high-precision estimation of varying time delays, and the effective suppression of technical noise. In the experiment, the postselected probe light is processed by the double-edge filter, which is formed by a pair of fiber Bragg gratings positioned symmetrically about the center frequency of the probe light, and subsequently detected by photodetectors. The experimental results demonstrate a time-delay precision of 1.66 attoseconds (as) and real-time estimation capability. With a postselection angle of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{rad}$ and the system operating within the most sensitive linear dynamic range, the precision can be further improved to ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ as. The approach benefits from its high sensitivity and rapid detection, which shows great potential applications in real-time and high-precision time-delay measurements.
High-precision surface roughness estimation plays an important role in many applications. However, the classical estimating methods are limited by shot noise and only can achieve the precision of 0.1 nm with white light interferometer. Here, we propose two weak measurement schemes to estimate surface roughness through spectrum analysis and intensity analysis. The estimating precision with spectrum analysis is about 10−510 ^{-5}10−5 nm by using a currently available spectrometer with the resolution of Δλ=0.04Δλ= 0.04Δλ=0.04 pm and the corresponding sensitivity is better than 0.1 THz/nm. And the precision and sensitivity of the light intensity analysis scheme achieve as high as 0.07 nm and 1/nm, respectively. By introducing a modulated phase, we show that the sensitivity and precision achieved in our schemes can be effectively retained in a wider dynamic range. We further provide the experimental design of the surface profiler based on our schemes. It simultaneously meets the requirements of high precision, high sensitivity, and wide measurement range, making it to be a promising practical tool.