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Science China Technological Sciences

Ultra-high speed random bit generation based on Rayleigh feedback assisted ytterbium-doped random fiber laser

Han Shui Wu, Ji Jun Xiong, Bing Han, Zinan Wang, WeiLi Zhang, Xin-Hong Jia, Houkun Liang

Published Apr 25, 2021• 25 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s11431-020-1806-7

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True random numbers are essential for cryptography and secure communications. Algorithmically generated pseudo-random numbers lack true physical randomness, while conventional lasers as physical entropy sources introduce time-delay signatures (TDS) and require complex post processing. To address this challenge, this study presents a high speed, real-time true random bit generator utilizing a modeless Raman fiber laser (RFL). A modeless RFL was constructed using an ultra-low reflectivity (-27 dB) fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and a high-reflectivity FBG serving as cavity mirrors. The laser delivers stable modeless Raman lasing within the pump power range of 5 W to 10 W. Compared with multilongitudinal-mode operation, the modeless laser exhibits significantly lower temporal coherence. By truncating the four least significant bits of the 8-bit digitized temporal intensity signal from the modeless RFL, random bit sequences were generated at a rate of 320 Gbps. The resulting random bit stream shows a uniform distribution of bits 0 and 1, its autocorrelation function contains no TDS, and it successfully passes the NIST statistical test. In contrast, the same generation method fails to produce qualified random bits when applied to the Raman fiber laser operating in the multilongitudinal-mode regime. The demonstrated modeless RFL system combines real-time operation, high speed, and stability, offering a robust physical entropy source for cryptographic and secure communication applications.
We demonstrate for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a high-speed physical random bit generator at gigabits/second without the time-delay signature based on chaotic power fluctuations of a random fiber laser. The random fiber laser is configured using a ring structure with semiconductor optical amplifiers as the optical gain and a fiber random grating as the random feedback medium. The long-length ring cavity provides a large number of densely spaced cavity modes that co-exist within the gain bandwidth tailored by the optical filter. Unlike fixed cavity modes in conventional fiber ring lasers, these modes are less phase-correlated due to the random distributed feedback from the fiber random grating fabricated by a plane-by-plane inscription technique without phase control, leading to intensified lasing output fluctuations with high-dimensional chaotic dynamic natures without specific cavity features, when the random fiber laser is operated slightly above the lasing threshold. Random bit generation at a bit rate up to ∼1.6 Gbps is achieved with verified randomness through standard tests. Different from the previously reported schemes requiring offline post-processing procedures, this physical random number generator can function in real time, offering high-quality randomness and security assurance for pertinent applications.