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IEEE Photonics Technology Letters

High-Speed Random Bit Generation via Brillouin Random Fiber Laser With Non-Uniform Fibers

Song Gao, Liang Zhang, Yanping Xu, Liang Chen, Xiaoyi Bao

Published Jun 30, 2017• 25 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A bidirectional pumping Brillouin random fiber laser based on a non-uniform fiber is proposed and demonstrated for truly random number generation with enhanced bit rate. Numerical simulation indicates that, thanks to the unique distributed Brillouin gain profile along the non-uniform fiber, random lasing oscillation within a broadband Brillouin gain can be established by the mutual effect of Brillouin scattering and enhanced Rayleigh scattering, providing physical entropy source for truly random number generation. The poof-of-concept experiments demonstrate a truly random number with a bit rate of 71 Mbps, which significantly breaks through the limitation of the intrinsic Brillouin bandwidth (~10 MHz) in communication fibers.

DOI
10.1109/lpt.2017.2722381

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A bidirectional pumping Brillouin random fiber laser based on a non-uniform fiber is proposed and demonstrated for truly random number generation with enhanced bit rate. Numerical simulation indicates that, thanks to the unique distributed Brillouin gain profile along the non-uniform fiber, random lasing oscillation within a broadband Brillouin gain can be established by the mutual effect of Brillouin scattering and enhanced Rayleigh scattering, providing physical entropy source for truly random number generation. The poof-of-concept experiments demonstrate a truly random number with a bit rate of 71 Mbps, which significantly breaks through the limitation of the intrinsic Brillouin bandwidth (~10 MHz) in communication fibers.
We propose a novel dual-emission random Brillouin fiber laser (RBFL) with bidirectional pumping operation. Numerical simulations and experimental verification of the chaotic temporal and statistical properties of the RBFL are conducted, revealing intrinsic unpredictable intensity fluctuations and two completely uncorrelated laser outputs. A random bit generator based on quantum noise sources in the random Fabry-Perot resonator of the RBFL is realized at a bit rate of 5 Mbps with verified randomness.
Correlations existing between spectral components in multi-wavelength lasers have been the key challenge that hinders these laser sources from being developed to chaotic comb entropy sources for parallel random bit generation. Herein, spectrotemporally uncorrelated multi-order Stokes/anti-Stokes emissions are achieved by cooperatively exploiting nonlinear optical processes including cascaded stimulated Brillouin scattering and quasi-phase-matched four-wave mixing in a Brillouin random fiber laser. Chaotic instabilities induced by random mode resonance are enhanced and disorderly redistributed among different lasing lines through complex nonlinear optical interactions, which comprehensively releases the inherent correlation among multiple Stokes/anti-Stokes emission lines, realizing a chaotic frequency comb with multiple spectrotemporally uncorrelated channels. Parallel fast random bit generation is fulfilled with 31 channels, single-channel bit rate of 35-Gbps and total bit rate of 1.085-Tbps. National Institute of Standards and Technology statistic tests verify the randomness of generated bit streams. This work, in a simple and efficient way, breaks the correlation barrier for utilizing multi-wavelength laser to achieve high-quality spectrotemporally uncorrelated chaotic laser source, opening new avenues for achieving greatly accelerated random bit generation through parallelization and potentially revolutionizing the current architecture of secure communication and high-performance computation.
We demonstrate for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a high-speed physical random bit generator at gigabits/second without the time-delay signature based on chaotic power fluctuations of a random fiber laser. The random fiber laser is configured using a ring structure with semiconductor optical amplifiers as the optical gain and a fiber random grating as the random feedback medium. The long-length ring cavity provides a large number of densely spaced cavity modes that co-exist within the gain bandwidth tailored by the optical filter. Unlike fixed cavity modes in conventional fiber ring lasers, these modes are less phase-correlated due to the random distributed feedback from the fiber random grating fabricated by a plane-by-plane inscription technique without phase control, leading to intensified lasing output fluctuations with high-dimensional chaotic dynamic natures without specific cavity features, when the random fiber laser is operated slightly above the lasing threshold. Random bit generation at a bit rate up to ∼1.6 Gbps is achieved with verified randomness through standard tests. Different from the previously reported schemes requiring offline post-processing procedures, this physical random number generator can function in real time, offering high-quality randomness and security assurance for pertinent applications.
True random numbers are essential for cryptography and secure communications. Algorithmically generated pseudo-random numbers lack true physical randomness, while conventional lasers as physical entropy sources introduce time-delay signatures (TDS) and require complex post processing. To address this challenge, this study presents a high speed, real-time true random bit generator utilizing a modeless Raman fiber laser (RFL). A modeless RFL was constructed using an ultra-low reflectivity (-27 dB) fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and a high-reflectivity FBG serving as cavity mirrors. The laser delivers stable modeless Raman lasing within the pump power range of 5 W to 10 W. Compared with multilongitudinal-mode operation, the modeless laser exhibits significantly lower temporal coherence. By truncating the four least significant bits of the 8-bit digitized temporal intensity signal from the modeless RFL, random bit sequences were generated at a rate of 320 Gbps. The resulting random bit stream shows a uniform distribution of bits 0 and 1, its autocorrelation function contains no TDS, and it successfully passes the NIST statistical test. In contrast, the same generation method fails to produce qualified random bits when applied to the Raman fiber laser operating in the multilongitudinal-mode regime. The demonstrated modeless RFL system combines real-time operation, high speed, and stability, offering a robust physical entropy source for cryptographic and secure communication applications.
A simple novel method for random number generation is presented, based on a random Raman fiber laser. This laser is built in a half-open cavity scheme, closed on one side by a narrow-linewidth 100 mm fiber Bragg grating. The interaction between the randomly excited lasing modes of this laser, in addition to nonlinear effects such as modulation instability, allow the generation of random bits at rates of up to 540 Gbps with minimal post processing. Evaluation of the resulting bit streams' randomness by the NIST statistical test suite highlights the importance of evaluating the physical entropy content, as bit sequences generated by this random laser pass all the statistical tests with a significance level of 0.01, despite being generated at more than twice the theoretical entropy generation speed.