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Chinese Journal of Luminescence

Field Ionization of Eu Rydberg States

Jin Zhang

Published Jan 1, 2015• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The field ionization process of Eu 4f76 snp Rydberg states converging to the first ionization limit 4f76s9S4 was systematically investigated. Firstly,the spectra of Rydberg states 4f76 snp of Eu atom were measured using the three-step laser excitation and electric field ionization( EFI) method.Secondly,the EFI pulse( pulse width of 0. 2 μs) was applied after laser excitation. Then,we continuously scan field ionization voltage to observe the EFI process,and to realize the potential of field ionization we need to understand what happens to the atoms as the pulse field rises from 0 to 3 kV.The exact location of ionization threshold can be obtained when the peak of ionization field changes.Especially,above the threshold,some structures are found due to black body radiation( BBR).

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Field ionization process of Eu 4f76snp Rydberg states

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arXiv:0807.2535•New Journal of Physics•Jan 30, 2009•55 citations
The field ionization process of Eu 4f76 snp Rydberg states converging to the first ionization limit 4f76s9S4 was systematically investigated. Firstly,the spectra of Rydberg states 4f76 snp of Eu atom were measured using the three-step laser excitation and electric field ionization( EFI) method.Secondly,the EFI pulse( pulse width of 0. 2 μs) was applied after laser excitation. Then,we continuously scan field ionization voltage to observe the EFI process,and to realize the potential of field ionization we need to understand what happens to the atoms as the pulse field rises from 0 to 3 kV.The exact location of ionization threshold can be obtained when the peak of ionization field changes.Especially,above the threshold,some structures are found due to black body radiation( BBR).
The field ionization process of the Eu 4f 7 6s n p Rydberg states, converging to the first ionization limit, 4f 7 6s 9 S 4 , is systematically investigated. The spectra of the Eu 4f 7 6s n p Rydberg states are populated with three-step laser excitation, and detected by electric field ionization (EFI) method. Two different kinds of the EFI pulses are applied after laser excitation to observe the possible impacts on the EFI process. The exact EFI ionization thresholds for the 4f 7 6s n p Rydberg states can be determined by observing the corresponding EFI spectra. In particular, some structures above the EFI threshold are found in the EFI spectra, which may be interpreted as the effect from black body radiation (BBR). Finally, the scaling law of the EFI threshold for the Eu 4f 7 6s n p Rydberg states with the effective quantum number is built.
The 4f 7 6s( 9 S)np 8 PJ (J = 5/2, 7/2, 9/2) Rydberg series converging to the first ionization limit 4f 7 6s 9 S4 of the Eu atom using the three-step laser excitation and electric-field-ionization (EFI) method are studied.First, the Eu atom is excited from the 4f 7 6s 2 8 S o 7/2 ground state to the 4f 7 6s7s 8 S o 7/2 state through the 4f 7 6s6p 10 P 9/2 state by the first two dye lasers.Next, it is populated to many higher-n members of the 4f 7 6s( 9 S)np 8 PJ Rydberg series by the third dye laser whose wavelength is scanned within a certain range.Finally, the atom in these higher-n states is ionized by the external pulsed electric field.With the field strength up to 2 kV/cm, we can detect the atom in 4f 7 6s( 9 S)np 8 PJ states with n 40.With the given laser line width, the level energies of Rydberg states with n as high as 72 can be determined.We not only confirm the previous data on the 4f 7 6s( 9 S) np 8 PJ Rydberg series, but also extend the n-value assignment significantly by detecting more states.
The radiative lifetimes of the Eu 4f 7 6s n p ( 8 P J or 10 P J ) Rydberg states with J = 5/2 and 11/2 are investigated with a combination of multi-step laser excitation and pulsed electric field ionization, from which their dependence on the effective principal quantum number is observed. The lifetimes of 21 states are reported along with an evaluation of their experimental uncertainty. The influence of blackbody radiation, due to the oven temperature, on the lifetime of the higher- n states is detected. The non-hydrogen behavior of the investigated states is also observed.
The outer electron of a Rydberg atom is so weakly bound to the atomic core that a relatively small electric field may cause the electron to be stripped from the atom. The field strength at which this ionization happens is strongly dependent on the state of the Rydberg atom. Pulsed electric field ionization serves, therefore, not only as a means by which a Rydberg atom may be efficiently detected, but also a means by which the state of the Rydberg atom may be analyzed.\nThe first observation of predominantly diabatic passage to field ionization of a non-hydrogenic Rydberg atom has resulted in an improved understanding of the adiabatic and diabatic ionization processes. The magnitudes of the various field ionization features have been measured and found to agree with theory, and by detailed analysis, it is now possible to label the various field ionization signal features with the appropriate (VBAR)m(,l)(VBAR) quantum numbers. A much better understanding of the laser excitation process, the Rydberg state production, and the response of the excited state to an increasing electric field has enabled measurement of some Rydberg fine-structure intervals, through observation of field ionization quantum beats.
We have studied ionization of alkali-metal Rydberg atoms by blackbody radiation (BBR). The results of theoretical calculations of ionization rates of Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs Rydberg atoms are presented. The calculations have been performed for n S, n P and n D states for principal quantum numbers n =8–65 at ambient temperatures of 77, 300 and 600 K. The calculations take into account the contributions of BBR-induced redistribution of population between Rydberg states prior to photoionization and field ionization by extraction electric field pulses. The obtained results show that these phenomena affect both the magnitude of the measured ionization rates and their n dependence. A Cooper minimum for BBR-induced transitions between bound Rydberg states of Li has been found. The calculated ionization rates are compared with our earlier measurements of BBR-induced ionization rates of Na n S and n D Rydberg states with n =8–20 at 300 K. Good agreement for all states except n S with n >15 is observed. Useful analytical formulae for quick estimates of BBR ionization rates of Rydberg atoms are presented. Application of BBR-induced ionization signal to measurements of collisional ionization rates is demonstrated.