Modeling, simulation and analysis of a high-speed quantum random number generator

Xing Ping Lin, Shuang Wang, Zhen-Qiang Yin +7 more

Abstract A quantum random number generator (QRNG) as a genuine source of randomness is essential in many applications, such as number simulation and cryptography. Recently, a source-independent quantum random number generator (SI-QRNG), which can generate secure random numbers with untrusted sources, has been realized. However, the measurement loopholes of the trusted but imperfect devices used in SI-QRNGs have not yet been fully explored, which will cause security problems, especially in high-speed systems. Here, we point out and evaluate the security loopholes of practical imperfect measurement devices in SI-QRNGs. We also provide corresponding countermeasures to prevent these information leakages by recalculating the conditional minimum entropy and adding a monitor. Furthermore, by taking into account the finite-size effect, we show that the influence of the afterpulse can exceed that of the finite-size effect with the large number of sampled rounds. Our protocol is simple and effective, and it promotes the security of SI-QRNG in practice as well as the compatibility with high-speed measurement devices, thus paving the way for constructing ultrafast and security-certified commercial SI-QRNG systems.

Mohammadreza Abazari, Majid Jaberi, Mina Farajzadeh +2 more

Guillem Guigó i Corominas

We study the importance of the quality of random numbers in Monte Carlo simulations of 2D Ising systems. Simulations are carried out at critical temperature to find the dynamic scaling law of the linear relaxation time. Our aim is to show that statistical correlations that appear in large Ising simulations performed with pseudorandom numbers can be corrected using a quantum random number generator (QRNG). To achieve high speeds and large systems, Ising lattices are simulated on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) with an optical QRNG.

Patrik Mäki

Dinh Quoc Bao Tran, Van Truong Nguyen, Trung-Tien Hoang +3 more

This brief presents a high-speed quantum random number generator (QRNG) based on the Quantum Random FlipFlop (QRFF) architecture, utilizing two single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) per pixel. The design is implemented using the Samsung 28 nm CMOS process. Each pixel integrates a pair of SPAD detectors, following the QRFF model, enabling a significant improvement in output speed compared to conventional QRFF configurations using a single detector. Experimental results demonstrate that a single pixel achieves a throughput of up to 2 Mbps. Furthermore, the generated random numbers successfully pass the NIST statistical test suite without requiring any postprocessing.

Piotr Paweł Jóźwiak, Janusz Edward Jacak, Witold Aleksander Jacak