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The European Physical Journal D

Quantum temporal steering in a noise channel with topological characterization

W. W. Cheng, M. Chen, Longyan Gong, S. M. Zhao

Published Mar 1, 2021• 4 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1140/epjd/s10053-021-00090-y

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arXiv:1703.01556•Mar 5, 2017•1 citation
Abstract We investigate the quantum temporal steering (TS), i.e., a temporal analogue of Einstein‐Podolsky‐Rosen steering, in a dephasing channel which is modeled by a central spin half surrounded by a spin‐1/2 XY chain where quantum phase transition happens. The TS parameter and the TS weight are employed to characterize the TS dynamics. We analytically obtain the dependence of on the decoherence factor. The numerical results show an obvious suppression of and when the XY chain approaches to the critical point. In view of the significance of quantum channel, we develop a new concept, TS weight power, in order to quantify the capacity of the quantum channel in dominating TS behavior. This new quantity enables us to indicate the quantum criticality of the environment by the quantum correlation of TS in the coupled system.
Abstract Symmetric quantum correlations and properties have been often investigated earlier in the process of quantum decoherence. However, the asymmetric quantum features, such as steering, have been rarely considered in this context. In this work, we study Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen steering, measured by steering robustness R , for two-qubit systems under asymmetric noise channels. For the one-sided asymmetric noise channels, we explore the influence of several typical channels on the asymmetric decay of steering. Our results show that the asymmetric steering is directly linked to the initial state as well as the type of noises. We prove that asymmetric decay can be used to characterize the properties of the channels in some certain. For the two-sided asymmetric noise channels, the results show that the behavior of steering are also both initial states and combination types depended. Moreover, we show that there always exist asymmetric steering even the initial state is high symmetry for the depolarizing-amplitude damping combination channel.
Characterizing the dynamics of open systems usually starts with a perturbative theory and involves various approximations, such as the Born, Markov and rotating-wave approximation (RWA). However, the approximation approaches could introduce more or less incompleteness in describing the bath behaviors. Here, we consider a quantum channel, which is modeled by a qubit (a two-level system) interacting with a bosonic bath. Unlike the traditional works, we experimentally simulate the system-bath interaction without applying the Born, Markov, and rotating-wave approximations. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental simulation of the quantum channels without any approximations mentioned above, by using linear optical devices. The results are quite useful and interesting, which not only reveal the effect of the counter-rotating terms but also present a more accurate picture of the quantum channel dynamics. Besides, we experimentally investigate the dynamics of the quantum temporal steering (TS), i.e., a temporal analogue of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering. The experimental and theoretical results are in good agreement and show that the counter-rotating terms significantly influence the TS dynamics. When one monogamously associates TS with the security of the cryptographic protocols (e.g., BB84), our experimental tests reveal that the channels based on RWA will provide exaggerated security durations, while they are actually insecure in non-RWA channel cases. This implies that doing RWA may result in a risk for the security of quantum key distribution. Our findings are expected to have useful applications in secure quantum communications and future interesting TS studies.