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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Design and Characterization of Microwave Packages for Superconducting Qubits

Sihao Huang, Benjamin Lienhard, Greg Calusine, Antti P. Vepsäläinen, Jochen Braumüller, David K. Kim, Joel I-Jan Wang, Alexander J. Melville, Bethany M. Niedzielski, Jonilyn Yoder, Bharath Kannan, Terry P. Orlando, Simon Gustavsson, William D. Oliver

Published Mar 15, 2021• 0 citations
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Solid-state qubits with transition frequencies in the microwave regime, such as superconducting qubits, are at the forefront of quantum information processing.However, high-fidelity, simultaneous control of superconducting qubits at even a moderate scale remains a challenge, partly due to the complexities of packaging these devices.Here, we present an approach to microwave package design focusing on material choices, signal line engineering, and spurious mode suppression.We describe design guidelines validated using simulations and measurements used to develop a 24-port microwave package.Analyzing the qubit environment reveals no spurious modes up to 11 GHz.The material and geometric design choices enable the package to support qubits with lifetimes exceeding 350 μs.The microwave package design guidelines presented here address many issues relevant for near-term quantum processors.
Cryogenic microwave measurement of superconducting quantum devices is complicated by the packaging required to connect devices to control and readout circuitry. In this work, we outline the design and experimental demonstration of a wirebond-free, PCB-free, drop-in microwave package for on-chip superconducting quantum devices. The package is composed of a superconducting aluminum cavity with a suspended tungsten transmission pin. The fundamental package cavity mode is far detuned from the 4 GHz to 8 GHz band of interest, and the pin transmission exhibits less than 3 dB of ripple across this range. We demonstrate the use of this package to extract the loss tangent of superconducting ring resonators, measuring a value of (1.10 +- 0.09) x 10^-6, which agrees with measurements of lambda/4 resonators in wirebond-based packaging. This high-throughput measurement system will allow the rapid generation of large datasets for improving superconducting qubit performance, and facilitate time-sensitive surface passivation and oxide regrowth studies.
One of the challenges for building a quantum computer with superconducting qubits is being able to integrate a sufficient density of microwave lines in a cryogenic environment. Traditionally this has been limited by the pitch of SMA cables. When trying to go beyond this approach there are two problems to address. The first is outfitting a dilution refrigerator with enough lines to run from room temperature to the base temperature stage. The second is building a package for a quantum integrated circuit that houses enough microwave lines itself. We propose a solution to both of these problems by using RF flexible circuits to increase signal density in the dilution refrigerator and package while maintaining signal integrity. We also discuss the thermal, mechanical and RF considerations that go into designing such a system. Finally we show a proof-of-concept integration of the entire system including measurements with superconducting qubits.