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Quantum Electronics

Zero ac Stark frequency shift of an atom trapped in pulsed laser light*

Anton E. Afanasiev, V. I. Balykin

Published Feb 21, 2021• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We report a theoretical analysis of the spectral properties of atoms localised in an optical pulsed trap. It is shown that this analysis can be carried out using the correlation coefficient calculated from the averaged dynamics of atomic excitation by resonant probe laser light in the presence of a nonresonant pulsed field. It follows from calculations that at a laser pulse duration of 8 ps, atoms can be trapped at a zero shift in the D2line transition frequency of the Rb atom, caused by the ac Stark effect. This configuration can be used to build optical frequency standards without the need for localising laser radiation at the ‘magic’ wavelength.

DOI
10.1070/qel17500

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Abstract We report a theoretical analysis of the spectral properties of atoms localised in an optical pulsed trap. It is shown that this analysis can be carried out using the correlation coefficient calculated from the averaged dynamics of atomic excitation by resonant probe laser light in the presence of a nonresonant pulsed field. It follows from calculations that at a laser pulse duration of 8 ps, atoms can be trapped at a zero shift in the D2line transition frequency of the Rb atom, caused by the ac Stark effect. This configuration can be used to build optical frequency standards without the need for localising laser radiation at the ‘magic’ wavelength.
We present a comparative study of the light-shifts (ac Stark shift) in a Rb vapour cell using two possible schemes for Rb atomic clocks: double resonance (DR) and coherent population trapping (CPT). For both schemes, the same wall-coated cell in a compact atomic resonator was used. The light-shift resulting from a monochromatic (DR) or a non-monochromatic (CPT) optical excitation was measured as a function of the laser intensity and the laser frequency and compared with existing theoretical results.
The spectral properties of atoms localized in an optical dipole trap formed by femtosecond pulsed radiation are studied experimentally. It is shown that the shift of the absorption line of an atom due to the interaction of an atom with the field of localizing radiation coincides with the shift of the line of an atom localized in the field of cw laser radiation. Theoretical analysis shows that pulsed radiation with experimentally achievable average intensity and duration of a pulse makes it possible to implement an atom localization mode in which the line shift is absent.
Abstract In this work, the effect of AC-Stark shift of atomic energy levels in an optical dipole trap (ODT) on in situ absorption imaging of the trapped atoms has been investigated. The Stark shift of various energy levels of 87 Rb atoms relevant for trapping in the optical dipole trap (ODT) has been calculated. The spatially varying AC-Stark shift of energy levels due to ODT beam results in position dependent absorption cross-section of the atom at the absorption probe laser wavelength, which significantly modifies the measured optical density (OD) of the trapped atom cloud during the in situ absorption imaging. We have estimated the number of atoms trapped in the ODT taking AC-Stark shift into account. The estimated numbers are found to be higher at higher ODT beam power, making a qualitative agreement with larger trap depth at higher ODT beam power. This work can be particularly useful in estimating the in situ loss rate of atoms from the trap during the evaporative cooling of the trapped atom cloud.
Higher-order perturbation theory is used to study frequency shifts of the spin-forbidden 3 P J - 1 S 0 transitions for Mg, Sr and Yb atoms in an external laser field. Calculations of the higher-order dynamic Stark effect have been performed in connection with precise measurements on cooled and trapped atoms and the design of ultra stable optical clock in an engineered light shift trap. The form of the model potential of the valence electrons suggested by Simons is used for the calculation of atomic dynamic characteristics given by second- and fourth-order perturbation theory for the interaction of the atoms with the electromagnetic field. Dispersion properties of the polarizability and hyperpolarizability components and their behavior in the vicinity of both resonances and so-called magic wavelengths for the upper and lower atomic states, are analyzed. Calculations of ac multipole polarizabilities and dipole hyperpolarizabilities for the 3 P 0 - 1 S 0 clock transition in 87 Sr indicate that the contribution of the higher- order light shifts can be reduced to less than 1 mHz, allowing for a projected accuracy of better than 10 -17 .
We report on an experimental and theoretical study of the dynamic (ac) Stark effect on a forbidden transition. A general framework for parametrizing and describing off-resonant ac-Stark shifts is presented. A model is developed to calculate spectral line shapes resulting from resonant excitation of atoms in an intense standing light wave in the presence of off-resonant ac-Stark shifts. The model is used in the analysis and interpretation of a measurement of the ac-Stark shifts of the static-electric-field-induced $6{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{1}S_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5d6s^{3}D_{1}$ transition at 408nm408\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}408nm in atomic Yb. The results are in agreement with estimates of the ac-Stark shift of the transition under the assumption that the shift is dominated by that of the 6s21S06{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{1}S_{0}6s21S0​ ground state. A detailed description of the experiment and analysis is presented. A biproduct of this work is an independent determination (from the saturation behavior of the 408-nm transition) of the Stark transition polarizability, which is found to be in agreement with our earlier measurement. This work is part of the ongoing effort aimed at a precision measurement of atomic parity-violation effects in Yb.
The ac Stark shift (also known as the ``light shift'') is one of the most important physical processes that arises in precision spectroscopy, affecting the basic understanding of field-matter interactions, measurements of fundamental constants, and even the atomic clocks onboard GPS satellites. Although the theory of the ac Stark shift was fully developed by the 1960s and 1970s, precision tests of theory have, for the most part, been few. Taking advantage of recent developments in atomic clock technology, specifically the pulsed approach to atomic signal generation, which allows frequency measurements with a resolution of $\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}15}$, we demonstrate a methodology for measuring the ac Stark shift. Here, we report results from a precision examination of the ac Stark shift in a vapor phase system, examining the resonant frequency of the 87Rb^{87}\text{Rb}87Rb 0-0 hyperfine transition for a perturbing laser tuned over a broad optical frequency range (18 GHz) around the D1{D}_{1}D1​ absorption resonance. Over the full frequency range the agreement between semiclassical theory and experiment is very good (better than $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$), and in our experiments we test both the frequency dependence of the scalar and tensor components of the light shift.