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Physica Scripta

ac Stark shift in double resonance and coherent population trapping in a wall-coated cell for compact Rb atomic clocks

D. Miletic, Thejesh Bandi, C. Affolderbach, G. Mileti

Published Apr 27, 2012• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a comparative study of the light-shifts (ac Stark shift) in a Rb vapour cell using two possible schemes for Rb atomic clocks: double resonance (DR) and coherent population trapping (CPT). For both schemes, the same wall-coated cell in a compact atomic resonator was used. The light-shift resulting from a monochromatic (DR) or a non-monochromatic (CPT) optical excitation was measured as a function of the laser intensity and the laser frequency and compared with existing theoretical results.

DOI
10.1088/0031-8949/2012/t149/014012

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We present a comparative study of the light-shifts (ac Stark shift) in a Rb vapour cell using two possible schemes for Rb atomic clocks: double resonance (DR) and coherent population trapping (CPT). For both schemes, the same wall-coated cell in a compact atomic resonator was used. The light-shift resulting from a monochromatic (DR) or a non-monochromatic (CPT) optical excitation was measured as a function of the laser intensity and the laser frequency and compared with existing theoretical results.
In this paper, we present our studies on double resonance using atomic 87Rb in a wall-coated cell, in view of applications in a laser-pumped Rb atomic frequency standard. We study the systematic clock frequency shifts in a wall-coated cell, such as light shift, microwave power shift [11, 12] and shift due to cell temperature [13] (for the cell body, and for the Rb reservoir, also called the cell stem). We also report on our clock stability measurement using the wallcoated cell in DR scheme, and discuss the influence of the shift parameters first on the frequency stability of the clock.
In this paper we present our spectroscopic studies on Coherent Population Trapping (CPT) in micro-fabricated Caesium cells and our evaluation of its application in miniature atomic frequency standards (atomic clocks). We observe the CPT signal on the Cs D1-line by coupling two hyperfine ground-state Zeeman sub-levels to a common excited state using two coherent electromagnetic fields created with a modulated DFB laser. Contrarily to double resonance, CPT does not require any microwave cavity, which should facilitate the miniaturization of a future atomic clock device. We study and report here on the light shift phenomena at different cell temperatures and laser wavelength. We also present resonance shifts due to cell temperature variations and clock frequency stability measurements. To the best of our knowledge, this article is the first report on light shift with Cs D1 line in a CPT vapour-cell atomic clock.
This paper presents a theoretical and experimental investigation on the light shift (AC Stark shift) of the 62S1/2(F = 3 ↔ 4) transition in133Cs, as observed through coherent population trapping (CPT) under a pulsed excitation. The calculated results are good agreement in the experimental results on various parameters and show that the light shift under pulsed excitation is 20∼30 times less than that under continuous excitation. In addition, this paper also presents a two-step pulse method for suppressing the light shift.
State-of-the-art miniature atomic clocks (MACs) are based on the phenomenon of coherent population trapping (CPT) in alkali-metal atomic vapors (Rb\mathrm{Rb}Rb or Cs\mathrm{Cs}Cs). Improving the stability of the clock frequency is a crucial issue; resolving it would result in significant progress in numerous applications. Here, we examine the configuration of the light field, which is composed of two bichromatic beams with opposing handedness of circular polarization. The beams are in resonance with optical transitions in the Cs\mathrm{Cs}Cs D1{D}_{1}D1​ line ($\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\approx}895$ nm). This configuration has previously been shown to produce observed CPT resonances with higher contrast than a standard single-beam scheme; however, our scheme implements pump and probe beams that operate independently, with the transmission of the probe beam being monitored separately. This approach differs from previous studies. The experiments are carried out using a cubic $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}5\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{mm}}^{3}$ vapor cell filled with buffer gas. It is shown that the line shape of the resonance acquires an asymmetry that can be efficiently controlled by a microwave (Raman) phase between the beams. As a proof of concept, we study the way in which this asymmetry can help to mitigate the influence of the ac Stark (light) shift on the long-term frequency stability of CPT clocks based on vapor microcells ($V\ensuremath{\ll}1\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$). Experimental verification is performed with both a distributed-Bragg-reflector laser and a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser. The latter is of particular importance for the development of MACs. The experimental results are in qualitative agreement with the analytical theory based on a double-$\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ scheme of atomic energy levels.
The off-resonant ac Stark shift for coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances probed with Ramsey spectroscopy is investigated experimentally and theoretically. Measurements with laser-cooled 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms show excellent quantitative agreement with a simple theory. The shift depends on the relative intensity of the two CPT light fields, but depends only weakly on the total intensity. Since the origin of the shift is through couplings of the interrogation light to off-resonant excited-state hyperfine levels, the size and sign of the shift depend on the specific interrogation scheme. The theory also shows that for several commonly used interrogation schemes it is possible to minimize the off-resonant light shift or its dependence on the CPT intensity ratio by properly selecting the system parameters.