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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters

Spectroscopy of Rubidium Atoms in a Femtosecond Pulsed Optical Dipole Trap

Anton E. Afanasiev, Anastasiia Mashko, A.A. Meysterson, V. I. Balykin

Published Jun 1, 2020• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The spectral properties of atoms localized in an optical dipole trap formed by femtosecond pulsed radiation are studied experimentally. It is shown that the shift of the absorption line of an atom due to the interaction of an atom with the field of localizing radiation coincides with the shift of the line of an atom localized in the field of cw laser radiation. Theoretical analysis shows that pulsed radiation with experimentally achievable average intensity and duration of a pulse makes it possible to implement an atom localization mode in which the line shift is absent.

DOI
10.1134/s0021364020110028

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The spectral properties of atoms localized in an optical dipole trap formed by femtosecond pulsed radiation are studied experimentally. It is shown that the shift of the absorption line of an atom due to the interaction of an atom with the field of localizing radiation coincides with the shift of the line of an atom localized in the field of cw laser radiation. Theoretical analysis shows that pulsed radiation with experimentally achievable average intensity and duration of a pulse makes it possible to implement an atom localization mode in which the line shift is absent.
Abstract We have examined the use of alkali metal (rubidium) vapour for spectral filtering of broadband pulsed laser light that is used to produce a femtosecond pulsed optical dipole trap. It has been shown that, even at large detuning of the centre emission frequency from the frequency of atomic transitions, spectral components present in the wings of the laser emission line are capable of heating localised atoms, thus reducing their lifetime in the atomic trap. Using atomic vapour for filtering the laser emission spectrum, we have suppressed its spectral components resulting in heating. This has made it possible to increase the lifetime of atoms in the pulsed optical dipole trap to a value comparable to their lifetime in an optical trap formed by narrow-band cw laser light.
Dynamics of atoms trapped in an optical dipole trap formed by a train of femtosecond laser pulses is studied in detail on example of Rb atoms. In computer simulation, it is proved that such a trap effectively confines the atoms at the pumping laser beam power in between 1 mW and 3 kW (pulse duration 100 fs). It is also shown that the resonant dipole-dipole interaction (RDDI) through which closely spaced in the micropotential wells atoms interact between each other becomes essential and can be significantly increased by shining the atoms with resonant probe laser beam. Varying both the parameters of the trap and intensity of the probe laser field, role of the RDDI in the atomic dynamics in the trap is clarified in detail.
Abstract We report a theoretical analysis of the spectral properties of atoms localised in an optical pulsed trap. It is shown that this analysis can be carried out using the correlation coefficient calculated from the averaged dynamics of atomic excitation by resonant probe laser light in the presence of a nonresonant pulsed field. It follows from calculations that at a laser pulse duration of 8 ps, atoms can be trapped at a zero shift in the D2line transition frequency of the Rb atom, caused by the ac Stark effect. This configuration can be used to build optical frequency standards without the need for localising laser radiation at the ‘magic’ wavelength.
The semiclassical theory of atomic dynamics in a three-dimensional pulsed optical dipole trap formed by superimposed trains of short laser pulses (down to a few fs duration), which is based on a stochastic formulation for the dynamics of an open quantum system, is considered in detail. It covers all key features of the atomic dynamics in the trap, including the dipole-dipole interaction (DDI) between trapped atoms due to the exchange of virtual photons between the atoms. Analytical solutions are obtained for the relaxation and laser Liouvillians, which describe the dissipation and laser excitation in the system, respectively. The probabilities of single-atom and two-atom escapes from the trap are analyzed. As an example, the theory is applied to computer simulation of Rb atoms preliminarily cooled in a magneto-optical trap that are trapped in a femtosecond optical dipole trap (pulse duration 100 fs). Our simulations prove that such a trap effectively confines atoms at the pump laser power in the range from a few mW to several kW. It is also shown that a near-resonant DDI, through which atoms that are closely spaced in the micropotential wells interact with each other, can be significantly increased by illuminating the atoms with a near-resonant probe laser beam. By varying both the parameters of the trap and the intensity of the probe laser field, the role of the DDI in the atomic dynamics in the trap and its influence on the single-atom and two-atom escape rates are clarified in detail.
The resonant interaction of 87Rb atoms in a magneto-optical trap with femtosecond laser radiation in the spectral range 760–820 nm has been investigated experimentally. It has been demonstrated that femtosecond laser radiation with a spectral width of 10 nm interacts with an atomic ensemble as a set of spectrally narrow modes and as an ionizing laser field simultaneously. The dynamics of trap loading in the presence of ionization by femtosecond radiation has been studied, and the 5D 5/2 level population produced by an additional weak laser field has been measured.