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Finds and Results from the Swedish Cyprus Expedition: A Gender Perspective at the Medelhavsmuseet

Macroscopic models with quantumlike structure but context dependent state transition probability.

Bart D’Hooghe

Published Jan 1, 2009• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Related papers

State Property Systems of Contextual Quantumlike Models.

Bart D’Hooghe

•Jan 1, 2008•0 citations

Quantumlike representation of extensive form games: Probabilistic aspects

Andrei Yu. Khrennikov

We consider an application of the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics outside physics, namely, to game theory. We present a simple game between macroscopic players, say, Alice and Bob (or in a more complex form—Alice, Bob, and Cecilia), which can be represented in the quantumlike (QL) way—by using a complex probability amplitude (game’s “wave function”) and noncommutative operators. The crucial point is that games under consideration are so-called extensive form games. Here the order of actions of players is important; such a game can be represented by the tree of actions. The QL probabilistic behavior of players is a consequence of incomplete information (which is available to, e.g., Bob) about the previous action of Alice. In general one could not construct a classical probability space underlying a QL game. This can happen even in a QL game with two players. In a QL game with three players Bell’s inequality can be violated. The most natural probabilistic description is given by the so-called contextual probability theory completed by the frequency definition of probability.

arXiv:0705.1260•Journal of Mathematical Physics•Jul 1, 2007•6 citations

Macroscopic Quantum Systems

Science•May 3, 2002•0 citations

The Universal Decoherence Field: A Dynamic Selection Framework for Context-Dependent State Realization

Bodo Schmidt

The question of how probabilistic systems select individual outcomes remains conceptually open in several areas of physics and complex systems theory. Standard decoherence models successfully describe the emergence of classical behavior from quantum systems, yet they generally treat the selection of specific outcomes as statistically neutral once the probabilistic structure is fixed. The present work is motivated by the possibility that probabilistic selection processes may, under certain conditions, exhibit weak forms of context dependence without requiring any violation of standard probabilistic laws. Rather than proposing a replacement for established physical theory, the paper explores whether minimal and formally controlled modifications of probabilistic weighting could provide a useful phenomenological framework for describing such effects. The approach is intentionally conservative in scope. Its purpose is not to claim evidence for new physics, but to investigate whether concepts such as context, structural compatibility, and informational coupling can be represented within a mathematically bounded probabilistic setting. This preprint proposes a minimal framework for modeling context-dependent selection in probabilistic systems. While standard decoherence theory explains the emergence of classical behavior from quantum systems, it does not specify whether the selection of individual outcomes is entirely neutral or may be weakly influenced by additional constraints. The present work explores the possibility that probabilistic state selection could exhibit small context-dependent biases without modifying the underlying probabilistic structure. To formalize this idea, the model introduces a resonance function that weakly reweights baseline transition probabilities in a controlled and non-disruptive manner. A dynamic extension is considered in which probabilities and resonance co-evolve through simple feedback, damping, and context-dependent source terms. Analytical considerations and numerical simulations indicate that such systems can produce small but systematic and bounded deviations from baseline distributions. Under certain conditions, these deviations may stabilize, leading to attractor-like behavior. The framework is intended as an exploratory and phenomenological model, not as a modification of established physical theory. Its purpose is to provide a formal setting for investigating whether context, information, and structural compatibility can be represented within probabilistic state selection. A possible connection to underlying physical processes was considered in earlier work (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17246478). In the present paper, however, this line of interpretation is not pursued further and remains speculative. Keywords: decoherence; probability dynamics; attractors; resonance; complex systems; information theory Version note:This version presents a revised and clarified formulation of the proposed framework. In particular, the formal structure has been made more explicit by refining key derivation steps, clarifying the role of the resonance term, and tightening the interpretation of the model within its intended scope. No fundamental change to the core idea has been introduced. The revision primarily sharpens the probabilistic formulation, reduces ambiguity in the definition of the resonance function, and makes the exploratory and phenomenological status of the model more explicit.

•Apr 7, 2026•0 citations

Discrete time dynamical models and their quantum-like context-dependent properties

Andrei Yu. Khrennikov, Yaroslav Volovich

Journal of Modern Optics•Apr 1, 2004•13 citations

On the notion of a macroscopic quantum system

Andrei Yu. Khrennikov

It is proposed to define "quantumness" of a system (micro or macroscopic, physical, biological, social, political) by starting with understanding that quantum mechanics is a statistical theory. It says us only about probability distributions. The only possible criteria of quantum behaviour are statistical ones. Therefore I propose to consider any system which produces quantum statistics as quantum ("quantumlike"). A possible test is based on the interference of probabilities. I was mainly interested in using such an approach to "quantumness" to extend the domain of applications of quantum mathematical formalism and especially to apply it to cognitive sciences. There were done experiments on interference of probabilities for ensembles of students and a nontrivial interference was really found. One could say that the quantum statistical behaviour might be expected. But the problem was not so trivial. Yes, we might expect nonclassical statistics, but there was no reason to get the quantum one, i.e., cos-interference. But we got it!

arXiv:quant-ph/0408164•Aug 26, 2004•0 citations
We consider an application of the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics outside physics, namely, to game theory. We present a simple game between macroscopic players, say, Alice and Bob (or in a more complex form—Alice, Bob, and Cecilia), which can be represented in the quantumlike (QL) way—by using a complex probability amplitude (game’s “wave function”) and noncommutative operators. The crucial point is that games under consideration are so-called extensive form games. Here the order of actions of players is important; such a game can be represented by the tree of actions. The QL probabilistic behavior of players is a consequence of incomplete information (which is available to, e.g., Bob) about the previous action of Alice. In general one could not construct a classical probability space underlying a QL game. This can happen even in a QL game with two players. In a QL game with three players Bell’s inequality can be violated. The most natural probabilistic description is given by the so-called contextual probability theory completed by the frequency definition of probability.
The question of how probabilistic systems select individual outcomes remains conceptually open in several areas of physics and complex systems theory. Standard decoherence models successfully describe the emergence of classical behavior from quantum systems, yet they generally treat the selection of specific outcomes as statistically neutral once the probabilistic structure is fixed. The present work is motivated by the possibility that probabilistic selection processes may, under certain conditions, exhibit weak forms of context dependence without requiring any violation of standard probabilistic laws. Rather than proposing a replacement for established physical theory, the paper explores whether minimal and formally controlled modifications of probabilistic weighting could provide a useful phenomenological framework for describing such effects. The approach is intentionally conservative in scope. Its purpose is not to claim evidence for new physics, but to investigate whether concepts such as context, structural compatibility, and informational coupling can be represented within a mathematically bounded probabilistic setting. This preprint proposes a minimal framework for modeling context-dependent selection in probabilistic systems. While standard decoherence theory explains the emergence of classical behavior from quantum systems, it does not specify whether the selection of individual outcomes is entirely neutral or may be weakly influenced by additional constraints. The present work explores the possibility that probabilistic state selection could exhibit small context-dependent biases without modifying the underlying probabilistic structure. To formalize this idea, the model introduces a resonance function that weakly reweights baseline transition probabilities in a controlled and non-disruptive manner. A dynamic extension is considered in which probabilities and resonance co-evolve through simple feedback, damping, and context-dependent source terms. Analytical considerations and numerical simulations indicate that such systems can produce small but systematic and bounded deviations from baseline distributions. Under certain conditions, these deviations may stabilize, leading to attractor-like behavior. The framework is intended as an exploratory and phenomenological model, not as a modification of established physical theory. Its purpose is to provide a formal setting for investigating whether context, information, and structural compatibility can be represented within probabilistic state selection. A possible connection to underlying physical processes was considered in earlier work (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17246478). In the present paper, however, this line of interpretation is not pursued further and remains speculative. Keywords: decoherence; probability dynamics; attractors; resonance; complex systems; information theory Version note:This version presents a revised and clarified formulation of the proposed framework. In particular, the formal structure has been made more explicit by refining key derivation steps, clarifying the role of the resonance term, and tightening the interpretation of the model within its intended scope. No fundamental change to the core idea has been introduced. The revision primarily sharpens the probabilistic formulation, reduces ambiguity in the definition of the resonance function, and makes the exploratory and phenomenological status of the model more explicit.
It is proposed to define "quantumness" of a system (micro or macroscopic, physical, biological, social, political) by starting with understanding that quantum mechanics is a statistical theory. It says us only about probability distributions. The only possible criteria of quantum behaviour are statistical ones. Therefore I propose to consider any system which produces quantum statistics as quantum ("quantumlike"). A possible test is based on the interference of probabilities. I was mainly interested in using such an approach to "quantumness" to extend the domain of applications of quantum mathematical formalism and especially to apply it to cognitive sciences. There were done experiments on interference of probabilities for ensembles of students and a nontrivial interference was really found. One could say that the quantum statistical behaviour might be expected. But the problem was not so trivial. Yes, we might expect nonclassical statistics, but there was no reason to get the quantum one, i.e., cos-interference. But we got it!