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Optica

Antireflection temporal coatings: comment

Wending Mai, Jingwei Xu, Douglas H. Werner

Published Feb 5, 2021• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The quarter-wavelength matching technique is widely used because it minimizes the reflection while it maximizes the transmission. The recently introduced antireflection temporal coatings (ATCs) [ Optica 7 , 323 ( 2020 ) 10.1364/OPTICA.381175 ] have been considered as its temporal analog. However, our study shows that by introducing an ATC, not only will the reflection be reduced but also the transmission. This phenomenon is opposite its spatial counterpart, which indicates that ATCs are more than simply a temporal dual of quarter-wavelength matching. This is a direct consequence of the different physical phenomena that are manifested in the temporal and spatial domains.

DOI
10.1364/optica.410990

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The quarter-wavelength matching technique is widely used because it minimizes the reflection while it maximizes the transmission. The recently introduced antireflection temporal coatings (ATCs) [ Optica 7 , 323 ( 2020 ) 10.1364/OPTICA.381175 ] have been considered as its temporal analog. However, our study shows that by introducing an ATC, not only will the reflection be reduced but also the transmission. This phenomenon is opposite its spatial counterpart, which indicates that ATCs are more than simply a temporal dual of quarter-wavelength matching. This is a direct consequence of the different physical phenomena that are manifested in the temporal and spatial domains.
Abstract The quantum optical response of antireflection temporal coatings (ATCs), that is, matching temporal layers that suppress the generation of backward waves in temporal boundaries, is investigated. The results reveal that quantum ATCs are characterized for inducing a frequency shift of the quantum state, while preserving all photon statistics intact. Thus, they can find application for fast quantum frequency shifting in photonic quantum networks. The quantum theory also provides additional insight on their classical mode of operation, clarifying which quantities are preserved through the temporal boundary. Last, it is shown that quantum ATCs allow for fast temporal switching without amplification of thermal fields.
The negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV−) center in diamond is a promising platform for quantum sensing. However, fluorescence from the NV− centers suffers large energy loss at the diamond–air interface. Here, we propose a broadband antireflection coating to enhance the fluorescence intensity by simultaneously reducing the energy loss of the excitation laser and the fluorescence. The reflectance for normal-incidence light decreases from nearly 17% for bared diamond to below 0.33% for coated diamond in the wavelength range 500 nm–800 nm. The reflectance averaged over the fluorescence bandwidth is below 3% for angles of incidence less than 20°. The measured emitted fluorescence for the coated diamond is 1.44 times that of uncoated diamond, corresponding to nearly 20% improvement in the measurement sensitivity. The proposed method is significant for enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio of NV−-based sensors.