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Fundamental Research

Quantum interface for high-dimensional quantum states encoded in an orbital angular momentum space

Bao‐Sen Shi, Zhi‐Yuan Zhou

Published Jan 1, 2021• 1 citation
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.fmre.2021.01.001

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Abstract High‐dimensional quantum systems offer many advantages over low‐dimensional quantum systems. Meanwhile, unitary transformations on quantum states are important parts in various quantum information tasks, whereas they become technically infeasible as the dimensionality increases. The photonic orbital angular momentum (OAM), which is inherent in the transverse spatial mode of photons, offers a natural carrier to encode information in high‐dimensional spaces. However, it is even more challenging to realize arbitrary unitary transformations on the photonic OAM states. Here, by combining the path and OAM degrees of freedom of a single photon, an efficient scheme to realize arbitrary unitary transformations on the path‐OAM coupled quantum states is proposed. The proposal reduces the number of required interferometers by approximately one quarter compared with previous works, while maintaining the symmetric structure. It is shown that by using OAM‐to‐path interfaces, this scheme can be utilized to realize arbitrary unitary transformations on the OAM states of photons. This work facilitates the development of high‐dimension quantum state transformations and opens a new door to the manipulation of the photonic OAM states.
Frequency interface, namely, converting the colors of photons while retaining their other features, is indispensable for numerous applications ranging from up-conversion imaging to the multimode quantum network. However, limited by the nonuniform nonlinear frequency-conversion efficiency, constructing the frequency interface for high-dimensional spatial modes is still challenging. Here, to break this fundamental barrier, we construct a high-dimensional (HD) orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) frequency interface via conducting sum-frequency generation between HD OAM states to be converted and a radial structured pump. Specifically, by replacing the conventional Gaussian pump with an optimized coherent superposition of HD Laguerre-Gaussian radial modes (i.e., its azimuthal number is zero), we experimentally achieve the OAM frequency interface in nine dimensions with a record fidelity up to 90.38 %. Additionally, by increasing the number of radial modes, our scheme can be flexibly extended to higher dimension. Such a high-dimensional frequency interface could find potential applications in the high-capacity free-space optical communication and would also pave the way for constructing high-dimensional quantum networks.
Abstract The complex interactions between orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light and atoms are particularly intriguing in the areas of quantum optics and quantum information. Building a versatile high-dimensional quantum network needs broad spiral-bandwidth for preparing higher-quanta OAM mode and resolving the bandwidth mismatch in spatial space. Here, we demonstrate a broad spiral-bandwidth quantum-interface between photon and memory. Through twisted fields of the writing and reading, the correlated OAM distribution between photon and memory is significantly broadened. This broad spiral-bandwidth quantum-interface could be spanned in multiplexing regime and could work in high-quanta scenario with capability of ∣l∣=\vert l\vert =∣l∣= ∣ l ∣ = 30, and we demonstrate the entanglement within 2-D subspace with a fidelity of 80.5 ± 4.8% for high lll l . Such state-of-the-art technology to freely control the spatial distribution of OAM memory is very helpful to construct high-dimensional quantum networks and provides a benchmark in the field of actively developing methods to engineer OAM single photon from matters.