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Quantum scissors – finite-dimensional states engineering

A. Kowalewska-kud Laszyk

Published Aug 16, 2016• 72 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

This work discusses quantum states defined in a finite-dimensional Hilbert space. In particular, after the presentation of some of them and their basic properties the work concentrates on the group of the quantum optical models that can be referred to as quantum optical scissors. Such ”devices” can generate on their outputs states that are finite-dimensional, and simultaneously use for such preparation quantum states that are defined in the infinity-dimensional space. The work concentrates on two groups of models: the first one, comprising linear elements and the second one – models for which optical, Kerr-like nonlinear elements were applied. 1

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This work discusses quantum states defined in a finite-dimensional Hilbert space. In particular, after the presentation of some of them and their basic properties the work concentrates on the group of the quantum optical models that can be referred to as quantum optical scissors. Such ”devices” can generate on their outputs states that are finite-dimensional, and simultaneously use for such preparation quantum states that are defined in the infinity-dimensional space. The work concentrates on two groups of models: the first one, comprising linear elements and the second one – models for which optical, Kerr-like nonlinear elements were applied. 1
Two essentially different mathematical approaches to define coherent states of finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces are analyzed.Physical realizations of the s0-called quantum scissors to generate the finite-dimensional states via optical truncation are discussed including the linear-0ptical scheme of Pegg, Phillips and Barnett [Phys.Rev. Lett.81, 1604 (1998)] and nonlinear one of Leonski and Tanas [Phys.Rev. A49, R20 (1994)].Distinct properties of the generated states are studied by applying adiscrete Wigner function.
We propose a realizable experimental scheme to prepare superposition of the vacuum and one-photon states by truncating an input coherent state. The scheme is based on the quantum scissors device proposed by Pegg, Phillips, and Barnett [Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1604 (1998)] and uses photon-counting detectors, a single photon source, and linear optical elements. Realistic features of the photon counting and single-photon generation are taken into account and possible error sources are discussed together with their effect on the fidelity and efficiency of the truncation process. Wigner function and phase distribution of the generated states are given and discussed for the evaluation of the proposed scheme.
Schemes for optical-state truncation of two cavity modes are analysed. The systems, referred to as the nonlinear quantum scissors devices, comprise two coupled nonlinear oscillators (Kerr nonlinear coupler) with one or two of them pumped by external classical fields. It is shown that the quantum evolution of the pumped couplers can be closed in a two-qubit Hilbert space spanned by vacuum and single-photon states only. Thus, the pumped couplers can behave as a two-qubit system. Analysis of time evolution of the quantum entanglement shows that Bell states can be generated. A possible implementation of the couplers is suggested in a pumped double-ring cavity with resonantly enhanced Kerr nonlinearities in an electromagnetically-induced transparency scheme. The fragility of the generated states and their entanglement due to the standard dissipation and phase damping are discussed by numerically solving two types of master equations.