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Asia Communications and Photonics Conference

100-km Secure Fiber Transmission of ASE-source-based Quantum-Noise Randomized Stream Cipher

Haisong Jiao, Tao Pu, Yukai Chen, Jilin Zheng

Published Jan 1, 2020• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum-noise stream cipher based on amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) source is experimentally investigated. With key-modulated local light as decryption signal, secure transmission of 128-level encryption is realized at 2.5Gb/s over 100-km fiber.
DOI
10.1364/acpc.2020.m4a.39

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The first semi-quantum noise randomized cipher based on amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) light source employing Y-00 protocol is proposed and demonstrated by a proof-of-principle experiment. As the signal carrier, ASE light can provide another fundamental uncertainty, namely, self-beating noise of ASE signal, which is much bigger than quantum shot noise of mesoscopic coherent state and also inevitable. By incorporating both the shot noise and beat noise of ASE signals, the security will be improved with a larger number of masked signals (NMS) under intrinsic noise. After formulating NMS and Q-factor in theory, we investigate the impacts of key system parameters on the security and transmission performances, respectively, in order to optimize the system design. To evidence the theoretical results, an experimental setup with balanced photodetector (BPD) as decoder is constructed. The local light modulated by M/2-ary running key is applied as optical threshold signal, which is fed into BPD together with the M-ary ASE signal, outputting the binary signal. Eventually, a 128-level Y-00 realization based on ASE source is realized at 2.5Gb/s over 100-km fiber. The experimental results agree with the theory in the trend, which indicate the validity and feasibility of the proposed scheme.
Amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) light is the most natural optical carrier to hide a message in the existing optical networks at photonic layer. To enhance the anti-intercept ability of the ASE-carried stealth channel, a novel optical stealth communication scheme based on quantum noise stream cipher is proposed. The ASE light is intensity modulated by the cipher-text according to Y-00 protocol, and then transmitted under public optical noise after power attenuation. The expression of quantum noise stream ciphered ASE signal is derived, and numerical simulation is carried out. A proof-of-concept experiment is set up to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed scheme. The experiment results show that the quantum noise stream ciphered stealth signals can be transmitted over a 25 km single-mode fiber span error-free.
A probabilistic shaping (PS) quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) based on Y-00 quantum noise stream cipher (QNSC) has been proposed. We experimentally demonstrated this scheme with data rate of 201.6Gbit/s over a 1200-km standard single mode fiber (SSMF) under a 20% SD-FEC threshold. Accounting for the 20% FEC and 6.25% pilot overhead, the achieved net data rate is ∼160Gbit/s. In the proposed scheme, a mathematical cipher (Y-00 protocol) is utilized to convert the original low-order modulation PS-16 (2 2 × 2 2 ) QAM into ultra-dense high-order modulation PS-65536 (2 8 × 2 8 ) QAM. Then, the physical randomness of quantum (shot) noise at photodetection and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise from optical amplifiers are employed to mask the encrypted ultra-dense high-order signal for further improving the security. We further analyze the security performance by two metrics known in the reported QNSC systems, namely the number of masked signals (NMS) of noise and the detection failure probability (DFP). Experimental results show it is difficult or even impossible to extract transmission signals from quantum or ASE noise for an eavesdropper (Eve). We believe that the proposed PS-QAM/QNSC secure transmission scheme has the potential to be compatible with existing high-speed long-distance optical fiber communication systems.
We report the first on-line high-speed and large-capacity secure optical communication system. This was realized by combining a quadrature amplitude modulation/quantum noise stream cipher technology where a coherent multi-level optical signal is hidden in quantum noise and a quantum key distribution technology where secure key delivery is realized with an extremely weak laser light comparable to a single photon. In our security analysis, we adopt a realistic assumption, namely, that an adversary does not have a lossless fiber. To show the advantage of this scheme, we performed a 128 QAM, 70-Gbit/s single-channel transmission over 100 km with a spectral efficiency of as high as 10.3 bits/s/Hz. This is the fastest data rate and highest spectral efficiency yet achieved in quantum cryptography with a realistic assumption.
In the era of large models and big data, the security of optical fiber communication backbone networks has garnered significant attention. Quantum noise stream cipher (QNSC) stands as a crucial method for safeguarding the physical layer security of optical fiber communications, yet the current schemes lag behind the rate capabilities of existing 400G optical fiber backbone networks. In this paper, we introduce deep learning into QNSC and propose an end-to-end quantum noise stream cipher (E2E-QNSC) scheme, which encrypts 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) into E2E-65536QAM/QNSC. Our experiments successfully demonstrate secure optical communication with a single-channel rate of 400 Gbps, a total capacity of 8.4 Tbps, and a transmission distance of 1520 km. Even in the most extreme scenarios, the detection failure probability (DFP) of the scheme remains at an excellent level greater than 0.9999, proving the security of the approach. The experimental results presented herein represent the highest rate-distance product record of QNSC secure transmission systems, to the best of our knowledge.