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International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC)

Polarization-entangled photon generation in multimode fiber at visible wavelength

Kyungtaek Lee, Ikjun Hong, Ju Han Lee

Published Oct 21, 2020• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We experimentally demonstrate the generation of polarization-entangled photons at visible wavelengths through a spontaneous four-wave mixing process. Polarization entangled photon pair is created by pumping multimode fiber inside a Sagnac loop. The central wavelength and the efficiency of the generated signal and idler photons of different spatial modes are studied. We observed two-photon interference with visibility >92.4% for LP11 spatial modes of signal and idler photon at the wavelength of 456 nm and 633 nm, respectively.

DOI
10.1109/ictc49870.2020.9289405

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We experimentally demonstrate the generation of polarization-entangled photons at visible wavelengths through a spontaneous four-wave mixing process. Polarization entangled photon pair is created by pumping multimode fiber inside a Sagnac loop. The central wavelength and the efficiency of the generated signal and idler photons of different spatial modes are studied. We observed two-photon interference with visibility >92.4% for LP11 spatial modes of signal and idler photon at the wavelength of 456 nm and 633 nm, respectively.
We experimentally demonstrate the generation of photon-pairs in the visible wavelength band through an intermodal spontaneous four-wave mixing process between nondegenerate spatial pump modes. Polarization entangled photon-pairs are generated with a Sagnac loop configuration composed of a 10-m long few-mode fiber and a 532-nm, picosecond pump laser. The coincidence to accidental ratio of the photon-pair source was measured with respect to the pump power. The two-photon quantum state was characterized through the two-photon interference visibilities with 90.68% in the H/V basis and 80.55% in the D/A basis.
Abstract The theoretical and experimental investigation results of the generation of the polarization-entangled photon pairs operating at visible wavelengths are reported. The generation of polarization-entangled photon pairs was based on intermodal spontaneous four-wave mixing (IM-SFWM) using standard step-index few-mode fiber. It was shown theoretically that several combinations of IM-SFWM processes could occur depending on spatial modes of a pump beam. A polarization-entangled photon pair source based on Sagnac loop incorporating a segment of few-mode fiber were then experimentally created. A two-photon interference fringe visibility of our implemented photon pair source were 91.7% and 88.8% in H/V bases and D/A bases, respectively. A quantum state tomography was also conducted to reconstruct the density matrix of the generated state with a fidelity to a maximum entangled state of 93.1%.
Abstract The theoretical and experimental investigation results of the generation of the polarization-entangled photon pairs operating at visible wavelengths are reported. The generation of polarization-entangled photon pairs was based on intermodal spontaneous four-wave mixing (IM-SFWM) using standard step-index few-mode fiber. It was shown theoretically that several combinations of IM-SFWM processes could occur depending on spatial modes of a pump beam. A polarization-entangled photon pair source based on Sagnac loop incorporating a segment of few-mode fiber were then experimentally created. A two-photon interference fringe visibility of our implemented photon pair source were 91.7% and 88.8% in H/V bases and D/A bases, respectively. A quantum state tomography was also conducted to reconstruct the density matrix of the generated state with a fidelity to a maximum entangled state of 93.1%.
We demonstrate a fiber-based source of polarization-entangled photon pairs at visible wavelengths suitable for integration with local quantum-processing schemes. The photons are created through birefringent phase-matching in spontaneous four-wave mixing inside a Sagnac interferometer. We address entanglement due to temporal distinguishability of the photons to enable the generation of a spectrally unfiltered polarization-entangled photon-pair state with 95.86±0.10% fidelity to a maximally entangled Bell state, evaluated with a tomographic state reconstruction without applying any corrections or background subtractions. Owing to the large birefringence of the fiber, photons are created far detuned from the pump, where Raman contamination is negligible. This source’s spatial mode and ability to produce spectrally uncorrelated photons make it suitable for implementing quantum information protocols over free-space and fiber-based networks.
We present an all-fiber source of frequency-entangled photon pairs by using four-wave mixing in a Sagnac fiber loop. Special care is taken to suppress the impurity of the frequency entanglement by cooling the fiber and by matching the polarization modes of the photon pairs counterpropagating in the fiber loop. Coincidence detection of signal and idler photons, which are created in pair and in different spatial modes of the fiber loop, shows the quantum interference in the form of spatial beating, while the single counts of the individual signal (idler) photons keep constant. When the production rate of photon pairs in each propagation direction of the fiber loop is about 0.065 pairs/pulse, the envelope of the quantum interference reveals a visibility of $(95\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2)%$, which is close to the calculated theoretical limit 98.7%.
We describe the generation of entangled and hyperentangled photon pairs using a microstructure-fiber Sagnac interferometer, which is formed by a polarizing beam splitter and a highly nonlinear microstructure fiber twisted by 90° from end to end. This interferometer allows two identical four-wave mixing processes to occur on the same fiber principal axis, ensuring perfect spatial and temporal mode matching of the two four-wave mixing outputs on the polarizing beam splitter to create entanglement over the entire four-wave mixing phase-matching spectral range. With an average pump power of 220 μW, we measure a two-photon coincidence rate of 1 kHz with ▵λ = 0.9 nm. Two-photon interference visibilities exceed 91% for polarization-entangled photon pairs generated from this source, and are > 84% for both time-bin and polarization degrees of freedom for hyperentangled photons, all without subtracting accidental coincidences.