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Spatially-Resolved Single-Photon Detection in NbN Nanowires

P. Jung, Alexander V. Lukashenko, Alexander P. Zhuravel, S. Wünsch, M. Hofherr, K. Ilin, M. Siegel, Alexey Vladimirovich Ustinov

Published Jan 1, 2011• 0 citations
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Sequentially connected superconducting nanowires, such as nanopatterned meanders, are very promising candidates for single-photon detectors capable to resolve a number of photons in the pulse. In such devices, the photon number-resolved (PNR) mode is possible due to independent detection of electromagnetic quanta by different regions of the meander. Every photon creates a resistive region in the superconductive meander and the total resistance is expected to be proportional to the number of photons absorbed. While the PNR mode can be realized with available single-photon detectors based on NbN nanowires, up to now it has not been observed experimentally. Here we show that the PNR mode in NbN requires the proper impedance matching between readout circuitry and nanowire-based detector. We discuss possible design of the readout circuitry for PNR detection. Results of modeling show that a high impedance amplifier placed in close proximity to the superconducting nanostructure can provide effective readout for the NbN nanowire-based detector operating in PNR mode.
In this paper, we study the response properties of multi-photon of NbN superconductor nanowire in superconducting single photon detector (SSPD). We measure the NbN nanowire device's DC characteristics and detection probability for single and multi-photon light pulse signal at a temperature of 3.5 K. The measured results show that the superconducting transition current of superconductor nanowire decreases as light irradiation intensity increases. The photon number detected by SSPD is derived from the slope of detection probability versus light intensity. We find that the detected photon number increases as superconducting nanowire bias current decreases. Moreover, based on quantum optics and hotspot theory, we analyze the mechanism of the multi-photon response of superconducting nanowire semi-quantitatively. This result may be of benefit to understanding SSPD and developing the SSPD with the capability of resolving photon number.