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International Conference on Electronics and Electrical Engineering Technology (EEET)

3D Optical Encryption System using Merging Reconstruction Method

Jaehoon Lee, Myungjin Cho, K. Inoue, Min‐Chul Lee

Published Sep 27, 2020• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a photon-counting double random phase encryption with merging reconstruction. Double random phase encryption (DRPE) is a simple and secure optical encryption technique using phase random masks. To enhance the security level, a three-dimensional photon counting technique has been applied to DRPE. However, we cannot recognize the original image information in a photon-limited scene. To solve this problem, we propose a merging reconstruction method, which can detect the photons using several reconstruction layers. Through this method, we can obtain a decrypted image of enhanced visual quality. This paper presents a simulation test for the proposed method.

DOI
10.1145/3429536.3429540

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In this paper, we propose a photon-counting double random phase encryption with merging reconstruction. Double random phase encryption (DRPE) is a simple and secure optical encryption technique using phase random masks. To enhance the security level, a three-dimensional photon counting technique has been applied to DRPE. However, we cannot recognize the original image information in a photon-limited scene. To solve this problem, we propose a merging reconstruction method, which can detect the photons using several reconstruction layers. Through this method, we can obtain a decrypted image of enhanced visual quality. This paper presents a simulation test for the proposed method.
In this paper, we propose three-dimensional (3D) photon counting double random phase encryption (DRPE) with enhanced visual quality and security level. Conventional 3D photon counting DRPE can encrypt the data quickly by using 4f optical system and random phase masks with enhanced the security because 3D photon counting technique is used. 3D photon counting DRPE extracts photons from the encrypted data by using statistical methods such as Poisson random process and the visual quality of the decrypted data can be enhanced through the 3D reconstruction process. However, it still has a problem to visualize the data when we extract extremely few photons. To improve the security and the visual quality of the decrypted data, we propose the random amplitude reconstruction process in the encryption stage. Our proposed method reconstructs the amplitude of the encrypted data at the random depth. Thus, the shifting pixel value and depth information can be another important key for decryption through the random process. Therefore, it can be effective in decrypting data securely and the visual quality of the decrypted data can be enhanced. Finally, Through the random reconstruction process in decryption process, our proposed method can enhance the security and visual quality simultaneously. To verify our proposed method, we carry out the simulation and optical experiment.
We investigate a full phase based photon-counting double-random-phase encryption (PC-DRPE) method. A photon-counting technique is applied during the encryption process creating sparse images. The statistical distribution of the photon-counting decrypted data for full phase encoding and amplitude phase encoding are derived and their statistical parameters are used for authentication. The performance of the full phase PC-DRPE is compared with the amplitude-based PC-DRPE method. The photon-counting decrypted images make it difficult to visually authenticate the input image; however, advanced correlation filters can be used to authenticate the decrypted images given the correct keys. Initial computational simulations show that the full phase PC-DRPE has the potential to require fewer photons for authentication than the amplitude-based PC-DRPE.\nIn addition, we propose an optical security method for object authentication using photon-counting encryption implemented with phase encoded QR codes. By combining the full phase double-random-phase encryption with photon-counting imaging method and applying an iterative Huffman coding technique, we are able to encrypt and compress an image containing primary information about the object. This data can then be stored inside of an optically phase encoded QR code for robust read out, decryption, and authentication. The optically encoded QR code is verified by examining the speckle signature of the optical masks using statistical analysis. Optical experimental results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the system. In addition, experiments with a commercial Smartphone to read the optically encoded QR code are presented. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on integrating photon-counting security with optically phase encoded QR codes.
We investigate a full-phase-based photon-counting double-random-phase encryption (PC-DRPE) method. A PC technique is applied during the encryption process, creating sparse images. The statistical distribution of the PC decrypted data for full-phase encoding and amplitude-phase encoding are derived, and their statistical parameters are used for authentication. The performance of the full-phase PC-DRPE is compared with the amplitude-based PC-DRPE method. The PC decrypted images make it difficult to visually authenticate the input image; however, advanced correlation filters can be used to authenticate the decrypted images given the correct keys. Initial computational simulations show that the full-phase PC-DRPE has the potential to require fewer photons for authentication than the amplitude-based PC-DRPE.
Double random phase encryption (DRPE) is one of the well-known optical encryption techniques, and many techniques with DRPE have been developed for information security. However, most of these techniques may not solve the fundamental security problem caused by using fixed phase masks for DRPE. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a key phase mask updating scheme for DRPE to improve its security, where a spatial light modulator (SLM) is used to implement key phase mask updating. In the proposed scheme, updated key data are obtained by using previous image data and the first phase mask used in encryption. The SLM with the updated key is used as the second phase mask for encryption. We provide a detailed description of the method of encryption and decryption for a DRPE system using the proposed key updating scheme, and simulation results are also shown to verify that the proposed key updating scheme can enhance the security of the original DRPE.
The integration of photon-counting imaging techniques and optical encryption systems can improve information authentication robustness against intruder attacks.Photon-counting imaging generates distributions with far fewer photons than conventional imaging, and provides substantial bandwidth reduction by generating a sparse encrypted data.We show that photon-limited encrypted distributions have sufficient information for successful decryption, authentication and signal retrieval.Additional compression of the encrypted distribution is applied by limiting the number of phase values used to reproduce the phase information of the complex-valued encrypted data.The validity of this technique -with and without phase compression -is probed through simulated experiments for two types of input images: alphanumerical signs and dithered natural scenes.
Recently, double random phase encoding (DRPE) has been integrated with the photon counting (PC) imaging technique for the purpose of secure image authentication. In this scheme, the same key should be securely distributed and shared between the sender and receiver, but this is one of the most vexing problems of symmetric cryptosystems. In this study, we propose an efficient asymmetric image authentication scheme by combining the PC-DRPE and RSA algorithms, which solves key management and distribution problems. The retrieved image from the proposed authentication method contains photon-limited encrypted data obtained by means of PC-DRPE. Therefore, the original image can be protected while the retrieved image can be efficiently verified using a statistical nonlinear correlation approach. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of our proposed asymmetric image authentication method.