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Journal of information and communication convergence engineering

Key Phase Mask Updating Scheme with Spatial Light Modulator for Secure Double Random Phase Encryption

Seok-Chul Kwon, In-Ho Lee

Published Dec 31, 2015• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Double random phase encryption (DRPE) is one of the well-known optical encryption techniques, and many techniques with DRPE have been developed for information security. However, most of these techniques may not solve the fundamental security problem caused by using fixed phase masks for DRPE. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a key phase mask updating scheme for DRPE to improve its security, where a spatial light modulator (SLM) is used to implement key phase mask updating. In the proposed scheme, updated key data are obtained by using previous image data and the first phase mask used in encryption. The SLM with the updated key is used as the second phase mask for encryption. We provide a detailed description of the method of encryption and decryption for a DRPE system using the proposed key updating scheme, and simulation results are also shown to verify that the proposed key updating scheme can enhance the security of the original DRPE.

DOI
10.6109/jicce.2015.13.4.280

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Double random phase encryption (DRPE) is one of the well-known optical encryption techniques, and many techniques with DRPE have been developed for information security. However, most of these techniques may not solve the fundamental security problem caused by using fixed phase masks for DRPE. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a key phase mask updating scheme for DRPE to improve its security, where a spatial light modulator (SLM) is used to implement key phase mask updating. In the proposed scheme, updated key data are obtained by using previous image data and the first phase mask used in encryption. The SLM with the updated key is used as the second phase mask for encryption. We provide a detailed description of the method of encryption and decryption for a DRPE system using the proposed key updating scheme, and simulation results are also shown to verify that the proposed key updating scheme can enhance the security of the original DRPE.
We propose a security-enhanced double-random phase encryption (DRPE) scheme using orthogonally encoded image and electronically synthesized key data to cope with the security problem of DRPE technique caused by fixed double-random phase masks for encryption.In the proposed scheme, we adopt the electronically synthesized key to frequently update the phase mask using a spatial light modulator, and also employ the orthogonal encoding technique to encode the image and electronically synthesized key data, which can enhance the security of both data.We provide detailed procedures for encryption and decryption of the proposed scheme, and provide the simulation results to show the encryption effects of the proposed scheme.
In this paper, we propose a photon-counting double random phase encryption with merging reconstruction. Double random phase encryption (DRPE) is a simple and secure optical encryption technique using phase random masks. To enhance the security level, a three-dimensional photon counting technique has been applied to DRPE. However, we cannot recognize the original image information in a photon-limited scene. To solve this problem, we propose a merging reconstruction method, which can detect the photons using several reconstruction layers. Through this method, we can obtain a decrypted image of enhanced visual quality. This paper presents a simulation test for the proposed method.
There is growing interest of the successful application of double random phase encoding in optical encryption techniques. Nevertheless, this method has some weaknesses such as the problem of optical axis alignment. A few modified schemes have been proposed in order to improve the misalignment but not for the DRPE. This paper addresses a simulated solution of DRPE scheme based on 4f optically system to improve the shift tolerance of the decrypting key by using deterministic phase masks instead of random phase masks. The main advantage of deterministic phase masks is the compact and tiny size of the keys and they are long enough so that an attacker cannot try any possible combinations. Initial feasibility studies have been undertaken and show a sufficient enhancement to axis alignment as compared to the conventional DRPE. We describe the principle of masks generation and present the simulations results which have been made to evaluate its performance in terms of data loss and shift of the decrypting key in the Fourier plane.
This Letter proposes an optical encryption technique that disguises the information with modular arithmetic concepts and time-varying noise components that are unknown to the receiver. Optical encryption systems that use these techniques produce a nondeterministic system response, as well as noise like image data that can easily be generated with ordinary spatial light modulators. The principle of this technique is demonstrated for the double random phase encoding (DRPE) method. The conventional DRPE method has major vulnerabilities for Dirac signal and plain signal attacks, making them impractical for secure encryption. It is shown that the proposed encryption technique provides a robustness against these types of attacks, allowing optical DRPE to be employed in secure encryptions. Moreover, applications of this Letter are not limited to DRPE alone but can also be adopted by other optical encryption techniques such as fractional Fourier transform and Fresnel-transform-based techniques.
In this paper, we propose three-dimensional (3D) photon counting double random phase encryption (DRPE) with enhanced visual quality and security level. Conventional 3D photon counting DRPE can encrypt the data quickly by using 4f optical system and random phase masks with enhanced the security because 3D photon counting technique is used. 3D photon counting DRPE extracts photons from the encrypted data by using statistical methods such as Poisson random process and the visual quality of the decrypted data can be enhanced through the 3D reconstruction process. However, it still has a problem to visualize the data when we extract extremely few photons. To improve the security and the visual quality of the decrypted data, we propose the random amplitude reconstruction process in the encryption stage. Our proposed method reconstructs the amplitude of the encrypted data at the random depth. Thus, the shifting pixel value and depth information can be another important key for decryption through the random process. Therefore, it can be effective in decrypting data securely and the visual quality of the decrypted data can be enhanced. Finally, Through the random reconstruction process in decryption process, our proposed method can enhance the security and visual quality simultaneously. To verify our proposed method, we carry out the simulation and optical experiment.
Joint-transform correlator (JTC) architecture presents some advantages, such as no requirement of interferometric recording of the phase distribution or complex conjugation of the key phase mask, in order to optically implement the well-known double random phase encryption (DRPE) method. In addition, a practical optical realization was proposed in a way that the whole information (primary image and two random phase masks) was easily introduced in the same input plane of the JTC system. However, poor image quality was obtained in the decryption stage. Cryptanalysis of JTC-based encryption systems demonstrated that they were vulnerable to certain intruder attacks, similarly to the original DRPE method. In this work, we review recent modifications of encryption algorithms based on JTC architecture that permit, on the one hand, to significantly increase the quality of the retrieved image after information decryption, and on the other hand, to achieve a high security level against a variety of system attacks. The modifications, which were firstly introduced in the Fourier-based JTC system, have been also adapted to be used in the Fresnel and Fractional Fourier domains as well as in the Gyrator domain. Nonlinear operations have been also introduced in multifactor encryption-authentication.