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Izvestia Ufimskogo Nauchnogo Tsentra RAN

MAGNETIC FLOW AND ITS QUANTIZATION

Vladimir Electromechanical Plant, V.D. PAVLOV

Published Dec 11, 2020• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

It is noted that the elementary electric charge is equal to e , from which fact the well-known principle of quantization of the electric charge definitely follows, namely, the electric charge is quantized and a quantum is the charge of the electron e (or positron). Or any change in the charge is equal to an integer number of electrons (or positrons). The formally identical transformation of the principle of quantization of the electric charge allows formulating the principle of quantization of the magnetic flux, namely, the quantity inverse to the magnetic flux is quantized and a quantum is the inverse of the quantum of the F. London magnetic flux. Or any change in the reciprocal of the magnetic flux is equal to an integer number of quantities inverse to the quantum of the F. London magnetic flux. The reciprocal of the magnetic flux quantum is equal to the sum of two quantities inverse to the quantum of the F. London magnetic flux. The validity of the principle of quantization of the magnetic flux with respect to the hydrogen atom is illustrated by Theorem 1: quantization of the energy of the hydrogen atom is a consequence of the principle of quantization of the magnetic flux. Theorem 2 is proved: the magnetic flux of a hydrogen atom in the ground state is equal to the quantum of the F. London magnetic flux. Theorem 3 is proved: the quantum of the magnetic flux is not the minimum possible for a nonzero magnetic flux. It is established that the quantum of the magnetic flux is not a quantum in the sense of a portion (like the F. London quantum). A quantum is the inverse of the quantum of the F. London magnetic flux. It is established that the magnitude of the magnetic flux quantum is not the minimum possible for a nonzero magnetic flux. It is established that the magnetic flux of a hydrogen atom in the ground state is equal to the quantum of the F. London magnetic flux. A discrete set of energies of the hydrogen atom is noted to be a consequence of the solution of the Schrödinger equation, which, in turn, is phenomenological. The reverse discourse used in the proof of Theorem 1 can show that the Schrödinger equation is a consequence of the principle of quantization of the magnetic flux.

DOI
10.31040/2222-8349-2020-0-4-25-28

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It is noted that the elementary electric charge is equal to e , from which fact the well-known principle of quantization of the electric charge definitely follows, namely, the electric charge is quantized and a quantum is the charge of the electron e (or positron). Or any change in the charge is equal to an integer number of electrons (or positrons). The formally identical transformation of the principle of quantization of the electric charge allows formulating the principle of quantization of the magnetic flux, namely, the quantity inverse to the magnetic flux is quantized and a quantum is the inverse of the quantum of the F. London magnetic flux. Or any change in the reciprocal of the magnetic flux is equal to an integer number of quantities inverse to the quantum of the F. London magnetic flux. The reciprocal of the magnetic flux quantum is equal to the sum of two quantities inverse to the quantum of the F. London magnetic flux. The validity of the principle of quantization of the magnetic flux with respect to the hydrogen atom is illustrated by Theorem 1: quantization of the energy of the hydrogen atom is a consequence of the principle of quantization of the magnetic flux. Theorem 2 is proved: the magnetic flux of a hydrogen atom in the ground state is equal to the quantum of the F. London magnetic flux. Theorem 3 is proved: the quantum of the magnetic flux is not the minimum possible for a nonzero magnetic flux. It is established that the quantum of the magnetic flux is not a quantum in the sense of a portion (like the F. London quantum). A quantum is the inverse of the quantum of the F. London magnetic flux. It is established that the magnitude of the magnetic flux quantum is not the minimum possible for a nonzero magnetic flux. It is established that the magnetic flux of a hydrogen atom in the ground state is equal to the quantum of the F. London magnetic flux. A discrete set of energies of the hydrogen atom is noted to be a consequence of the solution of the Schrödinger equation, which, in turn, is phenomenological. The reverse discourse used in the proof of Theorem 1 can show that the Schrödinger equation is a consequence of the principle of quantization of the magnetic flux.
The entropy approach to a description of quantum processes, represented like the Markov chain, is elaborated. It is supposed that at an atomic scale the law of the conservation of entropy holds. From this principle issues the simple explanation of the different behavior of bosons and fermions in experiments with scattering particles, proved by Pauli. Introducing in consideration Markov’ chain, applied to a motion of particles, made possible to write an equation, determining the change of their states. This pure logical result, completed by physical laws, brought to a new equation, generalizing Schrödinger one. It includes electric and magnetic fields as well as the spin of particles. Analysis of its solution for a case of only electric field, led to the formula of tunnel effect. Consideration of the motion of a particle in magnetic field gave the fundamental expression of Lorentz force without any mention of electrodynamics. Addition of an angular momentum in the reasoning by including Hamiltonian, allowed deducing the result, which coincides with the spherically symmetric Schrödinger equation for hydrogen atom. In general case there is the system of equations. If the atom is put in a weak magnetic field, without a possibility of flipping, the classical formulas of Bohr radius orbits and Rydberg energy obtained. The property of intrinsic quantization of electron spin ħ/2 is explained easily as a solution of the proposed system. These equations do not repeat the known arguments only, but can predict the new phenomena. They describe the effect of spin depolarization of electrons in a strong magnetic field, earlier considered been related to vacuum polarization. The obtained solution gives its magnetic induction equal about 1012 Gs, that corresponds well with experimental data.
We have calculated the changes in the quantized magnetic fluxes corresponding to the electronic orbits of Dirac hydrogen atom within the framework of Dirac theory and found that the flux change between the final state and the initial state is equal to (±Φ 0 or zero).We have also calculated the non-zero matrix elements for dipole transitions (such as 1s↔2p and 2p↔3d) for the solutions of Dirac hydrogen atom. We find a complete agreement among all the above results. The combined result is that photon should carry an intrinsic flux quantum of (Φ 0 =hc/e).
In this paper, we re-examine the well-known question of why electric charges exist only in quantized portions. In this context, we revisit the motion of a charged particle in a field-free region around a current-carrying solenoid. Solving the corresponding Schrödinger equation leads to a simultaneous quantization condition for the magnetic flux and the electric charge. We also demonstrate the Lorentz invariance of this condition by showing that the magnetic flux behaves like a pseudoscalar under Lorentz transformations.
The Schrodinger equation solve the Hydrogen-like Atom, the solution is very complicate mathematically and supply a very little understanding why the atom behave so. In 1913 Bohr proposed a very simple model of the hydrogen atom. I extend this model to see what happens to the atom under a magnetic field. The results obtained using my simple approach are almost the same results obtained from Schrodinger equation with the endless solution, but the physical explanation is entirely different. I leave you the task to check what the correct explanation to the Hydrogen Atom is See also QUANTUM MECHANICS Solved using only Newtonian Mechanics http://vixra.org/abs/1305.0078
Within the Sommerfeld atomic model the quantization of magnetic flux through the electronic orbits is investigated together with its dependency on additional sources of magnetic fields. These sources alter the magnetic flux through the atomic orbits and in consequence are causing energy shifts. This effect is investigated for the cases, where the source is an external magnetic field, the magnetic moment of the nucleus or the magnetic moment of the electron. The energy shifts due to external magnetic fields, the magnetic dipole contribution of the hyperfine splitting and the spin-orbit coupling can be reproduced very well. The meaning of 'spin', however, changes within this approach drastically. The unusual Landé g-factor of 2 for the electron is a result of the orbital motion and the magnetic moment of the electron rather than it is an intrinsic property of the electron.