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Communications in Theoretical Physics

The Quantization of Mesoscopic Electric Circuit with the Discreteness of Electron Charge

Li Youquan, Chen Bin

Published Jan 30, 1998• 18 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The importance of discreteness of electron charge for mesoscopic electric circuit is addressed. A quantization of the circuit in accord with the discreteness of electric charges is proposed, and a Schrödinger equation in ‘charge representation’ is obtained. The Schrödinger equation is turned to be Mathieu equation in ‘current representation’, the wavefunction and energy spectrum can be solved exactly. The WKB solutions of the energy levels for the ground state and the excited states are given.

DOI
10.1088/0253-6102/29/1/139

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The importance of discreteness of electron charge for mesoscopic electric circuit is addressed. A quantization of the circuit in accord with the discreteness of electric charges is proposed, and a Schrödinger equation in ‘charge representation’ is obtained. The Schrödinger equation is turned to be Mathieu equation in ‘current representation’, the wavefunction and energy spectrum can be solved exactly. The WKB solutions of the energy levels for the ground state and the excited states are given.
The quantization of a mesoscopic transmission line in accordance with the discreteness of electric charges is proposed under the Born–Von-Karmann periodic boundary condition. The finite-difference Schrödinger equation of the circuit has been obtained in charge representation, and the Schrödinger equation is transformed into Mathieu equation in current representation. The wavefunction and energy spectrum can be solved by adopting the canonical transformation and unitary transformation method. Our results indicate that in the transmission line, quantum fluctuation of currents, which also have distributed properties, are related to both the circuit parameters and the positions and the mode of signals.
This talk is assumed to exhibit an overview of the quantum theory for mesoscopic electric circuits and some of its further developments. In the theory the importance of the discreteness of electronic charge in mesoscopic electric circuit is addressed. The mesoscopic LC-design is quantized in accord with the charge discreteness. The uncertainty relation for electric charge and current is given. Because the stationary Schrödinger equation is turned to be Mathieu equation in ppp-representation, the wave function and energy spectrum is formally solved. As further applications, the persistent current is obtained by considering the mesoscopic ring as a pure L-design. The Coulomb blockade phenomenon occurs when applying the theory to the pure C-design. Concerning the time evolution of the states for mesoscopic electric circuit, we are able to study it by the method of characteristics. In order to study the dissipative effect in the circuit, we use density-matrix formulation. In this formulation, several type of ``off diagonal'' dissipations are expected to be discussed.
In the talk, I briefly demonstrate the quantum theory for mesoscopic electric circuits and its applications. In the theory, the importance of the charge discreteness in a mesoscopic electric circuit is addressed. As a result, a new kind of commutation relation for electric charge and current occurred inevitably. The charge representation, canonical current representation and pseudo-current representation are discussed extensively. It not only provides a concrete realization of mathematical models which discuss the space quantization in high energy physics and quantum gravity but also presents a sequence of applications in condensed matter physics from a different point of view. A possible generalization to coupled circuits is also proposed.
The research work on the quantum effects in mesoscopic circuits has undergone a rapid development recently, however the whole quantum theory of the mesoscopic circuits should consider the discreteness of the electric charge. In this paper, based on the fundamental fact that the electric charge takes discrete values, the finite-difference Schrödinger equation of the mesoscopic RLC circuit with a source is achieved. With a unitary transformation, the Schrödinger equation becomes the standard Mathieu equation, then the energy spectrum and the wave functions of the system are obtained. Using the WKBJ method, the average of currents and square of the current are calculated. The results show the existence of the current fluctuation, which causes noise in the circuits. This paper is an application of the whole quantum mesoscopic circuits theory to the fundamental circuits, and the results will shed light on the design of the miniation circuits, especially on the purpose of reducing quantum noise coherent controlling of the mesoscopic quantum states.