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Acta Physica Sinica

Influence of left-handed materials on the spontaneous emission spectrum of V-type three-level atom

Yu Ming-Zhang, Zeng Xiao-Dong, Wang Dawei, Yang Ya-Ping

Published Jan 1, 2012• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, the dynamic properties and the spontaneous emission spectrum of V-type three-level atom near left-handed material slab are investigated. The two orthogonal dipoles of the decay from the two upper levels to the lower level are considered. Due to the focusing and the phase compensation effects of the left-handed materials, the indirect quantum interference between two orthogonal spontaneous emission transitions leads to the fact that the populations in the two upper levels influence each other, the decay rate is enhanced or decreased and the spontaneous emission spectrum is narrowed or widened, depending on the initial atomic state.

DOI
10.7498/aps.61.043203

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In this paper, the dynamic properties and the spontaneous emission spectrum of V-type three-level atom near left-handed material slab are investigated. The two orthogonal dipoles of the decay from the two upper levels to the lower level are considered. Due to the focusing and the phase compensation effects of the left-handed materials, the indirect quantum interference between two orthogonal spontaneous emission transitions leads to the fact that the populations in the two upper levels influence each other, the decay rate is enhanced or decreased and the spontaneous emission spectrum is narrowed or widened, depending on the initial atomic state.
The spontaneous emission of a V-type Zeeman atom in a Fabry–Perot cavity containing left-handed materials (LHMs) is investigated. Because of the strong indirect quantum interference induced by the refocusing and phase compensation of LHMs, the population evolution and the emission spectrum are much different from that in isotropic environments at different initial conditions. For the degenerate cases, by preparing different initial states, the population decays much faster or slower than that in free vacuum, while the spontaneous emission spectra are narrowed or broadened, respectively. For large detuning cases, the population exchange between two upper levels could be weakened, and the Fano minimum appears in the emission spectrum. In addition, the influence of the dipole orientation on the spectrum is discussed.
The quantum interference between two spontaneous emission transitions, which are orthogonal, in a three-level system, can be greatly enhanced by using left-handed materials due to the focusing and phase compensation effects. The influence of the dispersion and dissipation of the materials on the quantum interference enhancement is investigated, and the enhancement of quantum interference is still significant. The quantum interference enhancement will result in a large quenching of the spontaneous emission, even if the distance between the materials and systems is larger than 10 wavelengths.
The spontaneous emission spectrum from a V-type three-level atom embedded in a double-band photonic band gap (PBG) material has been investigated for the first time. Most interestingly it is shown that there is not only a black dark line, but also a narrow spontaneous line near the edges of the double photonic band. The positions of the dark line and narrow spontaneous line are near the transition from an empty upper level to a lower level. The lines stem from destructive and constructive quantum interferences, which induce population transfer between the two upper levels, in the PBG reservoirs. The effects of system parameters on the interference have been discussed in detail.
The spontaneous emission from a V-type three-level atom embedded in an isotropic photonic crystal with dynamic photonic band edge is studied. We consider the situation where the atom interacts with all possible radiation modes, and calculate numerically the evolution of atomic population without using Markov approximation. The calculation method can be used in related researches. In the present paper, we mainly discuss the effects of modulation parameters and the quantum interference on spontaneous emission when the band edge is modulated with step function or triangle function. We hope that the results can contribute to the applications in the dynamic photonic crystal environment in controlling the spontaneous emission via the quantum interference. The results show that in the step-modulated situation, the number of the photon-atom bound dressed states after the modulation has happened depends on atomic transition frequencies and the band edge frequency at that time, and is identical to the one in the unmodulated situation with the same parameters. The long-time evolution of the atomic population is affected by the time when the modulation happens. Depending on the system initial state, after the modulation has happened, the quantum interference can weaken the probability amplitude components corresponding to the photon-atom bound dressed states, and cause the upper-level population to decay quickly from a great value to a value near zero; or on the contrary, it can strengthen the bound dressed states, and make the upper levels retain a high population. In the modulated situation with trigonometric functions, after long enough time, the total upper-level population presents a decaying quasi-periodic oscillation behaviour. And the evolution of the total upper-level population tends to synchronize with the modulation, so the frequency of the quasi-periodic oscillation is approximately equal to the modulation frequency. But, the quantum interference can destroy the synchronization under some conditions. The decay rate of the total upper-level population is affected by the modulation frequency, and also by the initial state of the system and the angle between two dipole moment because of the quantum interference.
The spontaneous decay and quantum interference of a V\mathsf{V}V-type Zeeman atom placed near a $\ensuremath{\mu}$-negative metamaterial (MNG) slab are investigated. Based on the fact that MNG slab supports only TE-polarized surface-plasmon polariton (SPP) modes, the decay rate of the dipole component parallel to the interface would be much larger than that normal to the interface, because one can couple while another decouple to TE modes. Consequently, high-level anisotropic environment is created and the two dipoles can interfere with each other strongly by sharing such SPP modes even if they are orthogonal. In our work, we analyze the influence of the parameters of the MNG slab as well as the atomic location on the interference intensity in detail. In addition, the dissipation of the slab is considered, and the quantum interference is still excellent even with large absorption.