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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Spontaneous emission spectrum of a V-type three-level atom in a Fabry–Perot cavity containing left-handed materials

Xiaodong Zeng, Mingzhang Yu, Dawei Wang, Jingping Xu, Yaping Yang

Published Aug 25, 2011• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The spontaneous emission of a V-type Zeeman atom in a Fabry–Perot cavity containing left-handed materials (LHMs) is investigated. Because of the strong indirect quantum interference induced by the refocusing and phase compensation of LHMs, the population evolution and the emission spectrum are much different from that in isotropic environments at different initial conditions. For the degenerate cases, by preparing different initial states, the population decays much faster or slower than that in free vacuum, while the spontaneous emission spectra are narrowed or broadened, respectively. For large detuning cases, the population exchange between two upper levels could be weakened, and the Fano minimum appears in the emission spectrum. In addition, the influence of the dipole orientation on the spectrum is discussed.

DOI
10.1364/josab.28.002253

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The spontaneous emission of a V-type Zeeman atom in a Fabry–Perot cavity containing left-handed materials (LHMs) is investigated. Because of the strong indirect quantum interference induced by the refocusing and phase compensation of LHMs, the population evolution and the emission spectrum are much different from that in isotropic environments at different initial conditions. For the degenerate cases, by preparing different initial states, the population decays much faster or slower than that in free vacuum, while the spontaneous emission spectra are narrowed or broadened, respectively. For large detuning cases, the population exchange between two upper levels could be weakened, and the Fano minimum appears in the emission spectrum. In addition, the influence of the dipole orientation on the spectrum is discussed.
In this paper, the dynamic properties and the spontaneous emission spectrum of V-type three-level atom near left-handed material slab are investigated. The two orthogonal dipoles of the decay from the two upper levels to the lower level are considered. Due to the focusing and the phase compensation effects of the left-handed materials, the indirect quantum interference between two orthogonal spontaneous emission transitions leads to the fact that the populations in the two upper levels influence each other, the decay rate is enhanced or decreased and the spontaneous emission spectrum is narrowed or widened, depending on the initial atomic state.
We address quantum interference of the Zeeman atom embedded in two kinds of structures containing left-handed materials (LHM), which are a single LHM layer mounted on a single mirror (SLSM) and Fabry-P\'erot cavity filled with a LHM layer by half (FPCLH). Especially, the influence of the dissipation of LHM on quantum interference has been studied in detail. Though dissipation weakens quantum interference in general, it holds nearly complete quantum interference when the thickness of the cavity is small for FPCLH. Moreover, with equivalence of left- and right- rotation polarized dipoles to two spatial orthogonal dipoles, we found the optimum orientation of two orthogonal dipoles which can realize the maximum quantum interference in a certain anisotropic environment. Our research may have potential applications in the designing of microsize devices.
Quantum interference between Zeeman levels of atom placed in the structure containing left-handed materials (LHMs) and zero-index metamaterials (ZIMs) is investigated. Because of the existence of the LHM and ZIM, dipole radiation becomes highly anisotropic which is embodied by the high contrast between decay rates of the dipole component parallel to the surface and that normal to the surface. Furthermore, both decay rates are suppressed compared with those in free vacuum. Therefore, we propose the quantum interference between Zeeman levels accompanied by long lifetime. Two structures are designed to achieve such purpose. For the idealized LHM and ZIM without dissipation, a double-layer structure comprised of them is the right candidate. However, when we consider the dissipation of materials, a Fabry-P\'erot cavity made of matched ZIM slabs and LHM slabs is required. Results show that we get a high degree of quantum interference and low decay rates simultaneously.
The spontaneous emission from a V-type three-level atom embedded in an isotropic photonic crystal with dynamic photonic band edge is studied. We consider the situation where the atom interacts with all possible radiation modes, and calculate numerically the evolution of atomic population without using Markov approximation. The calculation method can be used in related researches. In the present paper, we mainly discuss the effects of modulation parameters and the quantum interference on spontaneous emission when the band edge is modulated with step function or triangle function. We hope that the results can contribute to the applications in the dynamic photonic crystal environment in controlling the spontaneous emission via the quantum interference. The results show that in the step-modulated situation, the number of the photon-atom bound dressed states after the modulation has happened depends on atomic transition frequencies and the band edge frequency at that time, and is identical to the one in the unmodulated situation with the same parameters. The long-time evolution of the atomic population is affected by the time when the modulation happens. Depending on the system initial state, after the modulation has happened, the quantum interference can weaken the probability amplitude components corresponding to the photon-atom bound dressed states, and cause the upper-level population to decay quickly from a great value to a value near zero; or on the contrary, it can strengthen the bound dressed states, and make the upper levels retain a high population. In the modulated situation with trigonometric functions, after long enough time, the total upper-level population presents a decaying quasi-periodic oscillation behaviour. And the evolution of the total upper-level population tends to synchronize with the modulation, so the frequency of the quasi-periodic oscillation is approximately equal to the modulation frequency. But, the quantum interference can destroy the synchronization under some conditions. The decay rate of the total upper-level population is affected by the modulation frequency, and also by the initial state of the system and the angle between two dipole moment because of the quantum interference.
The Casimir-Polder (CP) force acting on a V\mathsf{V}V-type three-level atom which is initially prepared in two different kinds of superposition states, i.e., subradiant and superradiant states, is investigated. The influence of quantum interference on force evolution due to two-dipole transitions is analyzed in detail. It is found that the orientation of the atomic dipole moment has significant influence on the Casimir-Polder force and consequently its evolution. For the ideal degenerate V\mathsf{V}V-type atom with two parallel dipoles, quantum interference leads to population trapping as well as the cancellation of the CP force when the atom is prepared initially in a subradiant state. However, the result changes when we consider the practical Zeeman V\mathsf{V}V-type atom whose two dipole moments are perpendicular to each other. Since quantum interference in such an atom must occur in an anisotropic environment, it is possible to trap atomic population and enhance the CP force simultaneously by preparing the atom initially in sub-radiant states. In principle, our results can be found in an arbitrary anisotropic environment, and here we describe a structure containing left-handed materials to highlight our findings.
The spontaneous emission spectrum from a V-type three-level atom embedded in a double-band photonic band gap (PBG) material has been investigated for the first time. Most interestingly it is shown that there is not only a black dark line, but also a narrow spontaneous line near the edges of the double photonic band. The positions of the dark line and narrow spontaneous line are near the transition from an empty upper level to a lower level. The lines stem from destructive and constructive quantum interferences, which induce population transfer between the two upper levels, in the PBG reservoirs. The effects of system parameters on the interference have been discussed in detail.