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Acta Physica Sinica

Irregular spin tunneling for Bose-Einstein condensates in a sweeping magnetic field

Guanfang Wang, Liu Hong, (1)北京物资学院物流学院，北京 101149；北京物理所凝聚态物理国家实验室，北京 100080; (2)北京应用物理与计算数学研究所，北京 100088

Published Jan 1, 2008• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

With a mean-field treatment, the spin tunneling of spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates in a linearly sweeping magnetic field is investigated. We focus on a typical alkali Bose atoms 87Rb condensate and study its tunneling dynamics under different sweeping rates of external magnetic field. In the adiabatic (i.e., slowly sweeping) and sudden (i.e., fast sweeping) limits, no tunneling is observed. In the case of moderate sweeping rates, the tunneling dynamics is found to be very sensitive to the sweeping rate, showing a chaotic-like tunneling regime. By magnifying the apparently chaotic regime, however, we find interestingly that the plot becomes resolvable at a resolution of 10-8T/s where the tunneling probability with respect to the sweeping rate shows a regular pseudo-periodic pattern. Moreover, a conserved quantity standing for the magnetization in experiments is found which can dramatically affect the above picture of the spin tunneling. Theoretically, we give a reasonable interpretation to the above findings.

DOI
10.7498/aps.57.667

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With a mean-field treatment, the spin tunneling of spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates in a linearly sweeping magnetic field is investigated. We focus on a typical alkali Bose atoms 87Rb condensate and study its tunneling dynamics under different sweeping rates of external magnetic field. In the adiabatic (i.e., slowly sweeping) and sudden (i.e., fast sweeping) limits, no tunneling is observed. In the case of moderate sweeping rates, the tunneling dynamics is found to be very sensitive to the sweeping rate, showing a chaotic-like tunneling regime. By magnifying the apparently chaotic regime, however, we find interestingly that the plot becomes resolvable at a resolution of 10-8T/s where the tunneling probability with respect to the sweeping rate shows a regular pseudo-periodic pattern. Moreover, a conserved quantity standing for the magnetization in experiments is found which can dramatically affect the above picture of the spin tunneling. Theoretically, we give a reasonable interpretation to the above findings.
We investigate the spin tunnelling of spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates in a linearly sweeping magnetic field with a mean-field treatment. We focus on the two typical alkali Bose atoms 87Rb^{87}Rb87Rb and 23Na^{23}Na23Na condensates and study their tunnelling dynamics according to different sweeping rates of external magnetic fields. In the adiabatic (i.e., slowly sweeping) and sudden (i.e., fast sweeping) limits, no tunnelling is observed. For the case of moderate sweeping rates, the tunnelling dynamics is found to be very sensitive on the sweeping rates with showing a chaotic-like tunnelling regime. With magnifying the regime, however, we find interestedly that the plottings become resolvable under a resolution of 10−410^{-4}10−4 G/s where the tunnelling probability with respect to the sweeping rate shows a regular periodic-like pattern. Moreover, a conserved quantity standing for the magnetization in experiments is found can dramatically affect the above picture of the spin tunnelling. Theoretically we have given a reasonable interpretation to the above findings and hope our studies would bring more attention to spin tunnelling experimentally.
We investigate the spin tunnelling of spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensates in a linearly swept magnetic field with a mean-field treatment. We focus on the two typical alkali Bose atoms 87Rb and 23Na condensates and study their tunnelling dynamics according to the sweep rates of the external magnetic fields. In the adiabatic (i.e. slowly sweeping) and sudden (i.e. fast sweeping) limits, no tunnelling is observed. For the case of moderate sweep rates, the tunnelling dynamics is found to be very sensitive to the sweep rates, so the plots of tunnelling probability versus sweep rate only become resolvable at a resolution of 10−4 G s−1. Moreover, a conserved quantity standing for the magnetization in experiments is found to affect dramatically the dynamics of the spin tunnelling. Theoretically we have given a complete interpretation of the above findings, and our studies could stimulate the experimental study of spinor Bose–Einstein condensates.
We present a comprehensive analysis of the Landau-Zener tunneling of a nonlinear three-level system in a linearly sweeping external field. We find the presence of nonzero tunneling probability in the adiabatic limit (i.e., very slowly sweeping field) even for the situation that the nonlinear term is very small and the energy levels keep the same topological structure as that of the linear case. In particular, the tunneling is irregular with showing an unresolved sensitivity on the sweeping rate. For the case of fast-sweeping fields, we derive an analytic expression for the tunneling probability with stationary phase approximation and show that the nonlinearity can dramatically influence the tunneling probability when the nonlinear ``internal field'' resonate with the external field. We also discuss the asymmetry of the tunneling probability induced by the nonlinearity. Physics behind the above phenomena is revealed and possible application of our model to triple-well trapped Bose-Einstein condensate is discussed.
Recently, effects of Feshbach resonances in atom-atom interactions were observed by varying the external magnetic field of an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). We point out that the quasi-bound molecules created in the intermediate state of the resonance can form a second, molecular condensate. The many-body state of the system is then a hybrid atomic/molecular condensate with inter-condensate tunneling of atom pairs. A sudden variation of the magnetic field results in oscillations of the number of atoms and molecules in their respective condensates, providing a signature of this novel type of quantum tunneling.
Quantum tunneling was observed in the decay of metastable spin domains in gaseous Bose-Einstein condensates. A mean-field description of the tunneling was developed and compared with measurement. The tunneling rates are a sensitive probe of the boundary between spin domains, and indicate a spin structure which is prohibited in the bulk fluid. These experiments were performed with optically trapped F=1F\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}1F=1 spinor Bose-Einstein condensates of sodium.
In this Letter we report on the spontaneous formation of surprisingly regular periodic magnetic patterns in an antiferromagnetic Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). The structures evolve within a quasi-one-dimensional BEC of 87Rb atoms on length scales of a millimeter with typical periodicities of 20…30 μm, given by the spin healing length. We observe two sets of characteristic patterns which can be controlled by an external magnetic field. We identify these patterns as linearly unstable modes within a mean-field approach and calculate their mode structure as well as time and energy scales, which we find to be in good agreement with observations. These investigations open new prospects for controlled studies of symmetry breaking and complex quantum magnetism in bulk BEC.