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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Effects of vector magnetic field on electromagnetically induced transparency with lin ⊥ lin polarization

Bankim Chandra Das, Arpita Das, Dipankar Bhattacharyya, Sankar De

Published Dec 17, 2020• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The effect of a vector magnetic field was studied on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) with linear ⊥ linear polarization of the probe and pump beams in 87 R b − D 2 transition with a vapor cell at room temperature. The dependence of EIT on the direction of the quantization axis and the relative orientation of the polarizations of the applied electric fields was studied experimentally. We show that from the relative strengths of σ and π EITs, the direction of the magnetic field can be found. Moreover, from the relative separation between σ and π EITs, the strength of the magnetic field can be calculated. We also demonstrate that the EIT peak amplitudes show oscillatory behavior depending upon the orientation of the laser polarization relative to the magnetic field direction. To understand the experimental observations, a theoretical study was done numerically considering all 13 Zeeman sub-levels. Apart from the numerical simulation, a toy model was also constructed to obtain an analytical response of the medium considering the velocity distribution. The dependencies of the magnetic field direction and polarization direction of the electric field were explicitly derived with the analytical model.

DOI
10.1364/josab.411632

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The effect of a vector magnetic field was studied on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) with linear ⊥ linear polarization of the probe and pump beams in 87 R b − D 2 transition with a vapor cell at room temperature. The dependence of EIT on the direction of the quantization axis and the relative orientation of the polarizations of the applied electric fields was studied experimentally. We show that from the relative strengths of σ and π EITs, the direction of the magnetic field can be found. Moreover, from the relative separation between σ and π EITs, the strength of the magnetic field can be calculated. We also demonstrate that the EIT peak amplitudes show oscillatory behavior depending upon the orientation of the laser polarization relative to the magnetic field direction. To understand the experimental observations, a theoretical study was done numerically considering all 13 Zeeman sub-levels. Apart from the numerical simulation, a toy model was also constructed to obtain an analytical response of the medium considering the velocity distribution. The dependencies of the magnetic field direction and polarization direction of the electric field were explicitly derived with the analytical model.
Vector magnetometry using electromagnetically induced transparency with lin⊥linlin\perp linlin⊥lin polarization
Vector magnetometry was studied using the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) with linear ⊥\perp⊥ linear (lin⊥linlin \perp linlin⊥lin) polarization of the probe and the pump beams in 87Rb^{87}Rb87Rb - D2D_2D2​ transition. The dependence of the EIT on the direction of the quantization axis and the relative orientation of the polarization of the applied electric fields was studied experimentally. We have shown that from the relative strengths of the σσσ and πππ EIT peaks, the direction of the magnetic field can be found. Moreover from the relative separation between the σσσ and πππ EIT peaks, the strengths of the magnetic field can be calculated. We have also demonstrated that the EIT peak amplitudes show oscillatory behaviour depending upon the orientation of the laser polarization relative to the magnetic field direction. Using the positions of the maxima and minima, the direction of the magnetic field can be calculated. To understand the experimental observation, a theoretical study has been done numerically considering all the thirteen Zeeman sub-levels. Apart from the numerical model, a toy model has also been considered to obtain an analytical response of the medium considering the velocity distribution. The dependencies of the magnetic field direction and the polarization direction of the electric fields have been explicitly derived in the analytical model. Further the direction of the magnetic field is calculated using the analytical solution. This study can be helpful in order to make an EIT based atomic vector magnetometer at room temperature.
Abstract We have studied the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of 87 Rb vapor at room temperature in a magnetic field with an arbitrary angle to the laser propagation direction. Rather than exposing atoms to a parallelled or transverse magnetic field as usual, in our work, we apply a magnetic field (up to 45 Gauss) with an arbitrary angle to the laser propagation direction and the spectra become much more complex. More EIT dips are observed due to the Zeeman splitting on the D 2 line of 87 Rb in a Λ -type configuration. With a 5 Torr N 2 buffer gas in the thermal 2 cm vapor cell, the state 5 2 P 3 / 2 has a very short effective lifetime, corresponding to a large energy broadening, which removes the velocity selective optical pumping effect almost completely and keeps the high resolution EIT spectrum for the energy splitting of 87 Rb in magnetic fields. The shifting of the EIT resonances with the strength of the applied magnetic field coincides well with the theory based on a full matrix Hamiltonian combined with a spectral decomposition method. Our work can be extended to measure the magnetic field vector in space. The effects of the detuning of the probe and coupling beams on the spectral lines are also investigated.
We study the dependence of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance amplitudes on the external magnetic field direction in a linearly polarized bichromatic light (lin∣∣lin\mathit{lin}||\mathit{lin}lin∣∣lin) configuration in 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb vapor. We demonstrate that all seven resolvable EIT resonances exhibit maxima or minima at certain orientations of the laser polarization relative to the wave vector and magnetic field. This effect can be used for the development of a high-precision EIT vector magnetometer.
We have studied the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of 87Rb vapor with a buffer gas in a magnetic field at room temperature. It is found that the spectral lines caused by the velocity selective optical pump effects get much weaker and wider when the sample cell mixed with a 5-Torr N2 gas while the EIT signal kept almost unchanged. A weighted least-square fit is also developed to remove the Doppler broadening completely. This spectral method provides a way to measure the Zeeman splitting with high resolution, for example, the Λ-type EIT resonance splits into four peaks on the D2 line of 87Rb in the thermal 2-cm vapor cell with a magnetic field along the electric field of the linearly polarized coupling laser. The high resolution spectrum can be used to lock the laser to a given frequency by tuning the magnetic field.
We present experimental results on the influence of magnetic fields and laser polarization on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) using Rydberg levels of ^{87} 87 Rb atoms. The measurements are performed in a room temperature vapor cell with two counter-propagating laser beams at 480 m and 780 m in a ladder-type energy level scheme. We measure the EIT spectrum of a range of ns_{1/2} n s 1 / 2 Rydberg states for n=19-27 n = 19 − 27 , where the hyperfine structure can still be resolved. Our measurements span the range of magnetic fields from the low field linear Zeeman regime to the high field Paschen-Back regimes. The observed spectra are very sensitive to small changes in magnetic fields and the polarization of the laser beams. We model our observations using optical Bloch equations that take into account the full multi-level structure of the atomic states involved and the decoupling of the electronic J J and nuclear I I angular momenta in the Breit-Rabi regime. The numerical model yields excellent agreement with the observations. In addition to EIT related experiments, our results are relevant for experiments involving coherent excitation to Rydberg levels in the presence of magnetic fields.
Here, we describe progress toward realization of a vector magnetometer based on all-optical excitation of an atomic ensemble in a vapor cell under the conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The EIT resonance amplitudes depend on relative orientations of the three key vectors: laser wave-vector, polarization, and the direction of the magnetic field. By analyzing possible two-photon transitions and their combinations, we can, in principle, analytically calculate the amplitude of various EIT resonances as functions of the relative angles between the magnetic field, polarization and laser propagation vectors. By locking the polarization to one of these maxima, one can determine the plane formed by the magnetic field and the light wave vector to the accuracy better than 0.001 rad. Analysis of the relative resonance amplitude may be used to extract the full information about the magnetic field direction.