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Доклады Академии наук

Effect of quantum noise on measurement accuracy in laser interferometers for the measurement of displacements

L. F. Vitushkin, Michael Z. Smirnov

Published Jan 1, 1987• 0 citations
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Quantum-enhanced laser-Doppler vibrometer with 2.6 fm/√Hz sensitivity in the broadband demodulated signal

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Abstract Advanced industrial applications in nanotechnology, MEMS, and semiconductor manufacturing demand laser-Doppler vibrometers with femtometer displacement sensitivity. Conventional heterodyne interferometers provide high linearity and accuracy for industrial measurements but are fundamentally limited by quantum shot noise, whose disruptive influence effectively decreases with increasing measured light power. Although laser safety regulations permit a laser power of up to 10mW for a 1550nm measuring beam, temperature-sensitive structures often require lower light power. Note that a laser power of 10mW focused on 10 µm^2 corresponds to an irradiance of 1GWm^(−2). Highest resolution needs to be achieved at low laser powers of the measurement beam, which presents a challenge for shot-noise-limited measurements. In this work, we present a new resolution record for the demodulated displacement signal of our squeezedlight- enhanced heterodyne laser-Doppler vibrometer. Our system achieved a displacement sensitivity of 2.6 fm/√Hz with only 0.36 mW of measurement power. Our results demonstrate improved performance beyond the shot noise limit without increasing optical power, approaching sub-fm precision in vibration measurements.

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Quantum Noise in the Interferometer Detector

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Current laser-interferometric gravitational wave detectors suffer from a fundamental limit to their precision due to the displacement noise of optical elements contributed by various sources. Several schemes for displacement noise-free interferometers (DFI) have been proposed to mitigate their effects. The idea behind these schemes is similar to decoherence-free subspaces in quantum sensing; i.e., certain modes contain information about the gravitational waves but are insensitive to the mirror motion (displacement noise). We derive quantum precision limits for general DFI schemes, including optimal measurement basis and optimal squeezing schemes. We introduce a triangular cavity DFI scheme and apply our general bounds to it. Precision analysis of this scheme with different noise models shows that the DFI property leads to interesting sensitivity profiles and improved precision due to noise mitigation and larger gain from squeezing.

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Quantum-mechanical noise in an interferometer: intrinsic uncertainty vs measurement uncertainty (A)

Barbara A. Capron, Murray Sargent

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Feb 1, 1986•0 citations

A ponderomotively squeezed source for advanced gravitational-wave interferometers

T. R. Corbitt, Yanbei Chen, David J. Ottaway +4 more

We propose an experiment to extract ponderomotive squeezing from an interferometer with high circulating power and low mass mirrors.In this interferometer, optical resonances of the arm cavities are detuned from the laser frequency, creating a mechanical rigidity that dramatically suppresses displacement noises.After taking into account imperfection of optical elements, laser noise, and other technical noise consistent with existing laser and optical technologies and typical laboratory environments, we expect the output light from the interferometer to have measurable squeezing of 5 dB, with a frequency-independent squeeze angle for frequencies below 1 kHz.This squeeze source is well suited for injection into a gravitational-wave interferometer, leading to improved sensitivity from reduction in the quantum noise.Furthermore, this design provides an experimental test of quantum-limited radiation pressure effects, which have not previously been tested.

•Jan 1, 2005•2 citations

Improving interferometric displacement detection with quantum correlations

Cindy A. Regal

Bulletin of the American Physical Society•Jun 7, 2017•0 citations
Abstract Advanced industrial applications in nanotechnology, MEMS, and semiconductor manufacturing demand laser-Doppler vibrometers with femtometer displacement sensitivity. Conventional heterodyne interferometers provide high linearity and accuracy for industrial measurements but are fundamentally limited by quantum shot noise, whose disruptive influence effectively decreases with increasing measured light power. Although laser safety regulations permit a laser power of up to 10mW for a 1550nm measuring beam, temperature-sensitive structures often require lower light power. Note that a laser power of 10mW focused on 10 µm^2 corresponds to an irradiance of 1GWm^(−2). Highest resolution needs to be achieved at low laser powers of the measurement beam, which presents a challenge for shot-noise-limited measurements. In this work, we present a new resolution record for the demodulated displacement signal of our squeezedlight- enhanced heterodyne laser-Doppler vibrometer. Our system achieved a displacement sensitivity of 2.6 fm/√Hz with only 0.36 mW of measurement power. Our results demonstrate improved performance beyond the shot noise limit without increasing optical power, approaching sub-fm precision in vibration measurements.
Current laser-interferometric gravitational wave detectors suffer from a fundamental limit to their precision due to the displacement noise of optical elements contributed by various sources. Several schemes for displacement noise-free interferometers (DFI) have been proposed to mitigate their effects. The idea behind these schemes is similar to decoherence-free subspaces in quantum sensing; i.e., certain modes contain information about the gravitational waves but are insensitive to the mirror motion (displacement noise). We derive quantum precision limits for general DFI schemes, including optimal measurement basis and optimal squeezing schemes. We introduce a triangular cavity DFI scheme and apply our general bounds to it. Precision analysis of this scheme with different noise models shows that the DFI property leads to interesting sensitivity profiles and improved precision due to noise mitigation and larger gain from squeezing.
We propose an experiment to extract ponderomotive squeezing from an interferometer with high circulating power and low mass mirrors.In this interferometer, optical resonances of the arm cavities are detuned from the laser frequency, creating a mechanical rigidity that dramatically suppresses displacement noises.After taking into account imperfection of optical elements, laser noise, and other technical noise consistent with existing laser and optical technologies and typical laboratory environments, we expect the output light from the interferometer to have measurable squeezing of 5 dB, with a frequency-independent squeeze angle for frequencies below 1 kHz.This squeeze source is well suited for injection into a gravitational-wave interferometer, leading to improved sensitivity from reduction in the quantum noise.Furthermore, this design provides an experimental test of quantum-limited radiation pressure effects, which have not previously been tested.