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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Atom-Light Interactions in Integrated Photonics: en Route to an Atomic Lab on a Photonic Chip

Hadiseh Alaeian, Artur Skljraw, Robert Loew, Harald Kuebler, Tilman Pfau

Published Mar 2, 2020• 0 citations
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Squeezed light underpins quantum-enhanced sensing and continuous-variable quantum information processing, and integrated photonics offers a route to producing it at scale. Universal to these applications are squeezed-light generation and measurement. Importantly, quantum measurements serve not only as readout but also as active operations in quantum-state evolution. However, integrating squeezed-light generation and photodetection on the same photonic chip has remained challenging because they impose fundamentally conflicting material requirements: low optical loss to preserve quantum correlations, but efficient photon absorption for photodetection. Here, we demonstrate squeezed-light generation, routing, and balanced homodyne detection integrated on a single photonic chip through heterogeneous integration. A two-mode squeezed quantum microcomb comprising 34 quantum modes is measured with approximately 3 dB squeezing. Our work establishes a scalable architecture for fully integrated squeezed-light quantum photonic systems, unifying quantum-state generation, processing, and detection on a single chip.
Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) generate, route, and process light with high efficiency, scalability, and functional density on a single chip. Yet the tightly confined on-chip modes can not easily access or effectively interact with atomic vapors, fluids, gain media, and biological samples. Existing approaches require bringing the medium onto the chip or into a weak, tightly confined evanescent field, which restricts the interaction volume and the range of accessible media. Here, we demonstrate a re-entrant chip-free-space interface in which a thin-film lithium niobate circuit frequency-doubles telecom light, emits the 780~nm field through a Rubidium vapor cell, and recollects the reflected probe on the same chip. This emit-interact-recollect loop resolves the saturated absorption spectrum and stabilizes the telecom laser to within ±280\pm 280±280~kHz over 2 hours. Our study paves an route to embed external media into PICs through the re-entrant photonic interface.