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Unconditionally secure quantum key distribution over 50 km of standard telecom fibre

C. Gobby, ZL Yuan, AJ Shields, ,

Published Dec 9, 2004• 37 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

A weak pulse quantum key distribution system is presented, which is secure against all individual attacks, including photon number splitting. By carefully controlling the weak pulse intensity the maximum secure bit rate as a function of the fibre length is demonstrated. Unconditionally secure keys can be formed for standard telecom fibres exceeding 50 km in length.

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Unconditionally secure quantum key distribution over 50 km of standard telecom fibre

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A weak pulse quantum key distribution system is presented, which is secure against all individual attacks, including photon number splitting. By carefully controlling the weak pulse intensity the maximum secure bit rate as a function of the fibre length is demonstrated. Unconditionally secure keys can be formed for standard telecom fibres exceeding 50 km in length.

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Europhysics Letters (EPL)•Feb 10, 1996•167 citations
A weak pulse quantum key distribution system is presented, which is secure against all individual attacks, including photon number splitting. By carefully controlling the weak pulse intensity the maximum secure bit rate as a function of the fibre length is demonstrated. Unconditionally secure keys can be formed for standard telecom fibres exceeding 50 km in length.
We report a demonstration of quantum key distribution over a standard telecom fiber exceeding 100 km in length. Through careful optimization of the interferometer and single photon detector, we achieve a quantum bit error ratio of 8.9% for a 122 km link, allowing a secure shared key to be formed after error correction and privacy amplification. Key formation rates of up to 1.9 kbit/s are achieved depending upon fiber length. We discuss the factors limiting the maximum fiber length in quantum cryptography.
A method for exceeding the 100 km barrier for quantum key distribution (QKD) over a standard telecom fiber was described. The system was based upon a time division Mach-Zender interferometer using phase modulation. The single photon detector was optimized by minimizing the contribution to the intrinsic error rate of detector dark count noise and stray photons. It was observed that a quantum bit error ratio (QBER) of 8.9% was achieved for a 122 km link, allowing a secure shared key to be formed after error correction and privacy amplification.
The authors report here a complete experimental realization of one-way decoy pulse quantum key distribution, demonstrating an unconditionally secure key rate of 5.51kbits∕s for a 25.3km fiber length. This is two orders of magnitudes higher than the value that can be obtained with a nondecoy system. They also introduce a simple test for detecting the photon number splitting attack and highlight that it is essential for the security of the technique to fully characterize the source and detectors used.