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Europhysics Letters (EPL)

Quantum cryptography over 23 km in installed under-lake telecom fibre

A Muller, Hugo Zbinden, Nicolas Gisin

Published Feb 10, 1996• 167 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A quantum cryptographic channel using a 23 km long installed standard telecom optical cable is reported. The key is encoded in the polarization of very weak laser pulses of average photon number 0.12. The measured error rate is lower than 3.4%. The ability of the system to establish a quantum key at standard telecom wavelength (1300 nm) using installed cables is thus assessed.

DOI
10.1209/epl/i1996-00343-4

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Entanglement-based quantum cryptography has the appealing advantage of intuitively more evident security. While originally, weak laser pulse schemes were implemented earlier as technologically simpler, it is now possible to build entanglement-based quantum key distribution systems on a technically equally advanced level. The existing polarization-based systems as developed in Vienna now cover distances of the order of 100 km in fiber and of 144 km in free space. In a recent fiber experiment, an asymmetric source is used such that one photon at the 1.550 nm telecom wavelength is transmitted to Bob, while the other photon at 810 nm is locally measured by Alice. It turns out that polarization entanglement is rather robust, certainly over distances of 100 km in fibers. In a recent long-distance free-space experiment, one photon was sent over 144 km from the Canary Island of La Palma to the island of Tenerife, while again the other photon was measured locally. The receiving station uses the OGS telescope operated by the European Space Agency ESA. This experiment opens up the possibility for future quantum key distribution using satellites.