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Science

Addressing the many and the individual

Ian S. Osborne

Published Oct 29, 2020• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum Systems The ability to coherently manipulate the quantum state of atomic defects in solid-state systems is a promising route to developing a platform for quantum technologies. A successful platform requires the interaction of many qubits in close proximity, as well as the ability to address each qubit individually, and, to date, such requirements have run counter to each other. Chen et al. devised an optical frequency-domain method with which they were able to simultaneously address many individual rare-earth ion defects (six at this point) with separations all within the diffraction limit of the control light. Because the approach is scalable to tens or hundreds of defects, it provides the prospect of realizing truly large-scale quantum processors. Science , this issue p. [592][1] [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.abc7821

DOI
10.1126/science.370.6516.543-v

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Quantum Systems
The ability to coherently manipulate the quantum state of atomic defects in solid-state systems is a promising route to developing a platform for quantum technologies. A successful platform requires the interaction of many qubits in close proximity, as well as the ability to address each qubit individually, and, to date, such requirements have run counter to each other. Chen et al. devised an optical frequency-domain method with which they were able to simultaneously address many individual rare-earth ion defects (six at this point) with separations all within the diffraction limit of the control light. Because the approach is scalable to tens or hundreds of defects, it provides the prospect of realizing truly large-scale quantum processors.
Science , this issue p. 592
Addressing the many and the individual The ability to coherently manipulate the quantum state of atomic defects in solid-state systems is a promising route to developing a platform for quantum technologies. A successful platform requires the interaction of many qubits in close proximity, as well as the ability to address each qubit individually, and, to date, such requirements have run counter to each other. Chen et al. devised an optical frequency-domain method with which they were able to simultaneously address many individual rare-earth ion defects (six at this point) with separations all within the diffraction limit of the control light. Because the approach is scalable to tens or hundreds of defects, it provides the prospect of realizing truly large-scale quantum processors. Science , this issue p. 592
The ability to control the state of individual atoms is a new challenge for science and technology in the 21st century. Currently, experiments on individual quantum systems such as trapped ions, single molecules, quantum dots, superconducting qubits and photons are crucial for the rapidly growing field of quantum information processing and communication. In general, solid state systems are preferable for scaling and the choice of material plays a crucial role; for example, in classical electronic devices continual performance enhancement and miniaturization is strongly linked to the success of silicon-based technology. For quantum applications, diamond has the potential to become the material of choice, because its large bandgap enables the control of optically active impurities and higher operation temperature. This focus issue collates original research contributions from some of the leading groups in the field as a showcase for the very latest developments in diamond-based quantum technologies.
Quantum Optics The development of scalable quantum systems will require the ability to control the interactions between the individual quantum building blocks of the system. Evans et al. used a pair of silicon vacancy centers embedded in a diamond nanocavity to show that interactions between the quantum emitters can be mediated optically (see the Perspective by Lodahl). Such optical control provides a speed advantage as well as the potential to develop an integrated platform for future quantum communication and quantum networking. Science , this issue p. [662][1]; see also p. [646][2] [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aau4691 [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aav3076
Quantum Systems The processing of quantum information is reliant on the encoding and manipulation of quantum states of a qubit. Superconducting circuits are the most advanced platform at present, but there is an issue with cross-talk between the qubits and the challenge of error correction as the systems are scaled up. Another approach being pursued is a modular platform in which the qubits are spatially separated. Daiss et al. demonstrate the operation of a quantum gate in which one qubit conditionally controls the state of another qubit spatially separated by 60 meters (see the Perspective by Hunger). Because the approach is platform independent, it could be extended from the demonstrated neutral atoms to ions, impurity vacancy centers, or even a combination of these qubits. Science , this issue p. [614][1]; see also p. [576][2] [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.abe3150 [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.abg1536
Quantum Computing The development of a practical quantum computer requires universality, scalability, and fault tolerance. Although much progress is being made in circuit platforms in which arrays of qubits are addressed and manipulated individually, scale-up of such systems is experimentally challenging. Asavanant et al. and Larsen et al. explore an alternative route: measurement-based quantum computation, which is a platform based on the generation of large-scale cluster states. As these are optically prepared and easier to handle (one simply performs local measurements on each individual component of the cluster state), such a platform is readily scalable and fault tolerant. The topology of the cluster state ensures that the approach meets the requirements for quantum computation. Science , this issue p. [373][1], p. [369][2] [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aay2645 [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aay4354