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Science

Inducing interactions between quantum emitters

Ian S. Osborne

Published Nov 8, 2018• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum Optics The development of scalable quantum systems will require the ability to control the interactions between the individual quantum building blocks of the system. Evans et al. used a pair of silicon vacancy centers embedded in a diamond nanocavity to show that interactions between the quantum emitters can be mediated optically (see the Perspective by Lodahl). Such optical control provides a speed advantage as well as the potential to develop an integrated platform for future quantum communication and quantum networking. Science , this issue p. [662][1]; see also p. [646][2] [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aau4691 [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aav3076

DOI
10.1126/science.362.6415.651-b

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Science•Feb 14, 2019•0 citations
Quantum Optics
The development of scalable quantum systems will require the ability to control the interactions between the individual quantum building blocks of the system. Evans et al. used a pair of silicon vacancy centers embedded in a diamond nanocavity to show that interactions between the quantum emitters can be mediated optically (see the Perspective by Lodahl). Such optical control provides a speed advantage as well as the potential to develop an integrated platform for future quantum communication and quantum networking.
Science , this issue p. 662; see also p. 646
Photon-mediated interactions between quantum systems are essential for realizing quantum networks and scalable quantum information processing. We demonstrate such interactions between pairs of silicon-vacancy (SiV) color centers coupled to a diamond nanophotonic cavity. When the optical transitions of the two color centers are tuned into resonance, the coupling to the common cavity mode results in a coherent interaction between them, leading to spectrally resolved superradiant and subradiant states. We use the electronic spin degrees of freedom of the SiV centers to control these optically mediated interactions. Such controlled interactions will be crucial in developing cavity-mediated quantum gates between spin qubits and for realizing scalable quantum network nodes.
Photon-mediated interactions between quantum systems are essential for realizing quantum networks and scalable quantum information processing. We demonstrate such interactions between pairs of silicon-vacancy (SiV) color centers strongly coupled to a diamond nanophotonic cavity. When the optical transitions of the two color centers are tuned into resonance, the coupling to the common cavity mode results in a coherent interaction between them, leading to spectrally-resolved superradiant and subradiant states. We use the electronic spin degrees of freedom of the SiV centers to control these optically-mediated interactions. Our experiments pave the way for implementation of cavity-mediated quantum gates between spin qubits and for realization of scalable quantum network nodes.
Efficient interfaces between optical photons and quantum bits are fundamental building blocks for quantum networks and large-scale quantum computers. We demonstrate an integrated platform for scalable quantum optics based on color centers coupled to diamond nanodevices. First, we incorporate nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond into hybrid nanophotonic crystal cavities. Despite our progress towards coupling the NV to cavity photons, we find that the NV-cavity interface is limited by the imperfections of the color center's properties and its local environment. We approach this challenge first by characterizing and modifying the diamond surface to reduce the environmental noise affecting the NV optical transition. Subsequently, we develop a new approach that makes use of a quantum emitter with intrinsic protection from this noise: the silicon-vacancy (SiV) center in diamond. We demonstrate that SiV centers introduced through ion implantation feature highly coherent optical transitions, even inside nanostructures. By placing SiV centers inside all-diamond photonic crystal cavities, we achieve strong SiV-photon coupling with a cooperativity of greater than 20. Using this platform, we realize a quantum-optical switch controlled by the spin degree of freedom of a single SiV. By measuring intensity correlations of indistinguishable Raman photons emitted into a single waveguide, we observe a quantum interference effect resulting from the superradiant emission of two probabilistically entangled SiV centers. Finally, we demonstrate controllable photon-mediated interactions between the spin degrees of freedom of two cavity-coupled SiV centers. When the optical transitions of the two SiV centers are tuned into resonance, the coupling of each SiV to the common cavity mode results in a coherent interaction between the two SiVs, leading to the observation of super- and sub-radiant two-SiV states.
For future quantum technologies and in particular for quantum architecture systems, one needs to consider scalability and reproducibility in order to be able to handle and add easily as many qubits of information as possible on a given platform. Quantum coherence and quantum information are fragile and thus requires the need for many qubits to be created, to interact and quantum information to be preserved. Currently there are either very good qubits in terms of fidelity but poor scalability or very good scalability but poor fidelity thus requiring more qubits to compensate. Most of the current platforms are in solid-state physics such as superconducting, dopants in silicon, quantum dots in III-V semiconductors or defects in diamond. The main interest for condensed matter systems is the fact that it is potentially scalable as integration is possible in the future, already demonstrated in the ‘classical’ semiconductor industry. Nevertheless, there are some true challenges in controlling and understanding the mechanisms of decoherence, losses and unwanted effects in these ‘dirty’ systems. As quantum technologies require ultimate control of quantum effects such as maintaining quantum coherence, quantum superposition and entanglement, it pushes towards deeper knowledge of underlying material and condensed matter physics. Photons are of particular interest as they are good carriers of quantum information and one aim is to explore a fully integrated photonic quantum circuit which would be a hybrid system made of stationary solid-state qubits (we will call them quantum emitters) coupled together via single photons travelling within a common optical bus that is photonics-ready for quantum communications within a network of quantum nodes. In this presentation, we will present our latest developments and results towards the integration of quantum emitters with photonic structures with nanosize features. In the first part, our platform is described which consists of glass and thus directly compatible with optical fibres. It is based on the technique of exchanged ions within the glass in order to create locally a particular confinement of the light. The next part will concern our latest results on two different quantum emitters. The first one is based on perovskite nanocristals that can be synthetised chemically and giving rise to quantum optics-type of emitters. The second one is based on the so-called silicon-vacancy defect centre in nanodiamonds. These emitters are produced by the high-pressure/high-temperature method and lead to promising results for quantum technologies. Finally, the last part will treat the nanophotonics approaches in order to couple efficiently these emitters with our platform.
Quantum Optics The quantum properties of the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center defect in diamond are being pursued as building blocks for quantum-enhanced technologies. Addressing and manipulating the defects, however, typically requires bulk optics, which could limit scalability. Siyushev et al. developed an on-chip technique in which the NV center is detected optoelectronically. Such a detection and manipulation method offers a route to develop an integrated platform for scalable quantum-based sensing technologies. Science , this issue p. [728][1] [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aav2789