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Spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensates in optical lattices

Golam Ali Sekh, B. Talukdar

Published Oct 22, 2020• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The stationary bright solitons that appear in the ground state of the spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensate (SOC-BEC) exhibit nodes. We consider SOC-BEC in combined linear and nonlinear optical lattices and study their effects on the matter-wave bright soliton and find that the parameters of the nonlinear lattice or atomic scattering length can be judiciously manipulated to have useful control over the nodes of the soliton. It is seen that the soliton with large number of nodes is less stable compared to one having fewer number of nodes. We infer that that the synthetic spin-orbit coupling induces instability in the ordinary matter-wave soliton.

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The stationary bright solitons that appear in the ground state of the spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensate (SOC-BEC) exhibit nodes. We consider SOC-BEC in combined linear and nonlinear optical lattices and study their effects on the matter-wave bright soliton and find that the parameters of the nonlinear lattice or atomic scattering length can be judiciously manipulated to have useful control over the nodes of the soliton. It is seen that the soliton with large number of nodes is less stable compared to one having fewer number of nodes. We infer that that the synthetic spin-orbit coupling induces instability in the ordinary matter-wave soliton.
Properties of the ground-state solitons, which exist in the spin–orbit coupling (SOC) Bose–Einstein condensates (BEC) in the presence of optical lattices, are presented. Results show that several system parameters, such as SOC strength, lattice depth, and lattice frequency, have important influences on properties of ground state solitons in SOC BEC. By controlling these parameters, structure and spin polarization of the ground-state solitons can be effectively tuned, so manipulation of atoms may be realized.
We consider coupled matter-wave bright solitons in spatial coherence spin–orbit coupled Bose–Einstein condensates (SOC-BECs) in optical and Rabi-coupling lattice (RL) potentials and find an effective potential for separation of coupled matter-wave solitons. We show that the Rabi lattice significantly affects the potential near the region of overlap between the solitons. We study the effects of Rabi lattice on the dynamics of solitons for different initial overlaps and show that the dynamics is controlled by the interplay between the Rabi lattice and inter-component interaction. We investigate that, by tuning the Rabi lattice strength, one can realize localize, periodic and splitting dynamics of the total density profile of the coupled solitons.
Abstract We consider matter–wave solitons in spin–orbit coupled Bose–Einstein condensates embedded in an optical lattice and study the dynamics of the soliton within the framework of Gross–Pitaevskii equations. We express spin components of the soliton pair in terms of nonlinear Bloch equations and investigate the effective spin dynamics. It is seen that the effective magnetic field that appears in the Bloch equation is affected by optical lattices, and thus the optical lattice influences the precessional frequency of the spin components. We make use of numerical approaches to investigate the dynamical behavior of density profiles and center-of-mass of the soliton pair in the presence of the optical lattice. It is shown that the spin density is periodically varying due to flipping of spinors between the two states. The amplitude of spin-flipping oscillation increases with lattice strength. We find that the system can also exhibit interesting nonlinear behavior for chosen values of parameters. We present a fixed point analysis to study the effects of optical lattices on the nonlinear dynamics of the spin components. It is seen that the optical lattice can act as a control parameter to change the dynamical behavior of the spin components from periodic to chaotic.
By effectively controlling the dipole-dipole interaction, we investigate the characteristics of the ground state of bright solitons in a spin-orbit coupled dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate. The dipolar atoms are trapped within a double-lattice which consists of a linear and a nonlinear lattice. We derive the motion equations of the different spin components, taking the controlling mechanisms of the dipole-dipole interaction into account. An analytical expression of dipole-dipole interaction is derived. By adjusting the dipole polarization angle, the dipole interaction can be adjusted from attraction to repulsion. On this basis, we study the generation and manipulation of the bright solitons using both the analytical variational method and numerical imaginary time evolution. The stability of the bright solitons is also analyzed and we map out the stability phase diagram. By adjusting the long-range dipole-dipole interaction, one can achieve manipulation of bright solitons in all aspects, including the existence, width, nodes, and stability. Considering the complexity of our system, our results will have enormous potential applications in quantum simulation of complex systems.
Abstract We consider an attractive quasi-one dimensional spin-orbit coupled Bose–Einstein condensate (SOC BEC) confined in a periodic potential produced by the combination of linear and nonlinear optical lattices, and study the effects of squeezing a stripe soliton by varying the inter-atomic interaction in the nonlinear lattice. It is observed that the nodes on the soliton arising entirely due to the effect of spin–orbit coupling tend to disappear as we increase the squeezing effect to finally get a stable fundamental soliton. This leads us to conclude that external pressure can reduce the effect of spin–orbit coupling in the SOC BEC and even convert the system to a traditional BEC without spin–orbit coupling. We make use of an information theoretic measure to visualize how does the atomic density distribution in the condensate respond to continual reduction in the spin–orbit coupling effect.
We study bright solitons in a Bose-Einstein condensate with a spin-orbit coupling that has been realized experimentally. Both stationary bright solitons and moving bright solitons are found. The stationary bright solitons are the ground states and possess well-defined spin-parity, a symmetry involving both spatial and spin degrees of freedom; these solitons are real valued but not positive definite, and the number of their nodes depends on the strength of spin-orbit coupling. For the moving bright solitons, their shapes are found to change with velocity due to the lack of Galilean invariance in the system.