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arXiv:2302.11626 · Physica Scripta

Compressing the atomic cloud in a matter-wave stripe soliton

Golam Ali Sekh, B. Talukdar

Published Dec 28, 2023• 1 citation
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Abstract

Abstract We consider an attractive quasi-one dimensional spin-orbit coupled Bose–Einstein condensate (SOC BEC) confined in a periodic potential produced by the combination of linear and nonlinear optical lattices, and study the effects of squeezing a stripe soliton by varying the inter-atomic interaction in the nonlinear lattice. It is observed that the nodes on the soliton arising entirely due to the effect of spin–orbit coupling tend to disappear as we increase the squeezing effect to finally get a stable fundamental soliton. This leads us to conclude that external pressure can reduce the effect of spin–orbit coupling in the SOC BEC and even convert the system to a traditional BEC without spin–orbit coupling. We make use of an information theoretic measure to visualize how does the atomic density distribution in the condensate respond to continual reduction in the spin–orbit coupling effect.

DOI
10.1088/1402-4896/ad1956

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Abstract We consider an attractive quasi-one dimensional spin-orbit coupled Bose–Einstein condensate (SOC BEC) confined in a periodic potential produced by the combination of linear and nonlinear optical lattices, and study the effects of squeezing a stripe soliton by varying the inter-atomic interaction in the nonlinear lattice. It is observed that the nodes on the soliton arising entirely due to the effect of spin–orbit coupling tend to disappear as we increase the squeezing effect to finally get a stable fundamental soliton. This leads us to conclude that external pressure can reduce the effect of spin–orbit coupling in the SOC BEC and even convert the system to a traditional BEC without spin–orbit coupling. We make use of an information theoretic measure to visualize how does the atomic density distribution in the condensate respond to continual reduction in the spin–orbit coupling effect.
The stationary bright solitons that appear in the ground state of the spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensate (SOC-BEC) exhibit nodes. We consider SOC-BEC in combined linear and nonlinear optical lattices and study their effects on the matter-wave bright soliton and find that the parameters of the nonlinear lattice or atomic scattering length can be judiciously manipulated to have useful control over the nodes of the soliton. It is seen that the soliton with large number of nodes is less stable compared to one having fewer number of nodes. We infer that that the synthetic spin-orbit coupling induces instability in the ordinary matter-wave soliton.
Abstract Vortex solitons (VSs) in spin-orbit-coupled (SOC) quantum gases are of fundamental interest due to their unique topological properties and potential applications in quantum information processing. We investigate the existence and stability of two-dimensional (2D) matter-wave VSs in a binary SOC Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of Rydberg atoms, confined by a radially periodic potential. By employing the imaginary-time integration method, we numerically demonstrate the formation of three distinct types of matter-wave soliton pairs, ring-shaped, necklace-shaped, and crescent-shaped, carrying topological charges up to 7. Their stability is systematically verified through temporal evolution and fidelity analysis. The SOC strength is found to be critical for supporting VSs with high topological charges. However, the presence of the external potential imposes a constraint on the SOC interaction, suppressing the generation of VSs with very high charges. A repulsive Rydberg-Rydberg interaction is identified as essential for balancing the diffraction and the SOC effect. Furthermore, the phase structures of these solitons exhibit a periodic modulation in the radial direction, inherited from the external potential. This study provides significant promise for applications in quantum information processing and the design of novel topological devices.
Abstract We theoretically investigate quantum tunnelling escape of a spin–orbit (SO)-coupled Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) from a trapping well. The condensate is initially prepared in a quasi-one-dimensional harmonic trap. Depending on the system parameters, the ground state can fall in different phases—single minimum, separated or stripe. Then, suddenly the trapping well is opened at one side. The subsequent dynamics of the condensate is studied by solving nonlinear Schrödinger equations. We found that the diverse phases will greatly change the tunneling escape behavior of SO-coupled BECs. In the single minimum and separated phases, the condensate escapes the trapping well continuously, while in the stripe phase it escapes the well as an array of pulses. We also found that SO coupling has a suppressing effect on the tunnelling escape of atoms. Especially, for BECs without inter-atom interaction, the tunnelling escape can be almost completely eliminated when the system is tuned near the transition point between the single minimum and stripe phases. Our work thus suggests that SO coupling may be a useful tool to control the tunnelling dynamics of BECs, and potentially be applied in the realization of atom lasers and matter wave switches.
Abstract We investigate the modulation instability (MI) of plane-wave states in a spin–orbit-coupled spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC). The MI of the system can be adjusted by the intensities of the spin–orbit coupling (SOC), Raman coupling and atom–atom interactions. Our analysis shows that the MI of a system without the SOC and Raman coupling mainly occurs for repulsive density–density and spin–exchange interactions due to the combined effects coming from both of them. But when considering the SOC, a multi-peak structure appears in the momentum distribution for the instability, which may be thought of as a precursor to the generation of the stripe-type nonlinear excitations in such systems. The MI becomes more remarkable with increasing intensity of Raman coupling. In addition, the SOC inevitably contributes to the instability for the ternary superfluid regardless of the nature of the density–density and spin–exchange interactions.
We consider coupled matter-wave bright solitons in spatial coherence spin–orbit coupled Bose–Einstein condensates (SOC-BECs) in optical and Rabi-coupling lattice (RL) potentials and find an effective potential for separation of coupled matter-wave solitons. We show that the Rabi lattice significantly affects the potential near the region of overlap between the solitons. We study the effects of Rabi lattice on the dynamics of solitons for different initial overlaps and show that the dynamics is controlled by the interplay between the Rabi lattice and inter-component interaction. We investigate that, by tuning the Rabi lattice strength, one can realize localize, periodic and splitting dynamics of the total density profile of the coupled solitons.
Abstract We consider a spin-orbit coupled (SOC) one dimensional Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) with attractive atom-atom interaction and make use of Shannon entropy ( S ), and Fisher information ( I ) to study the response of atomic density profiles to changes in κ L , the strength of the spin–orbit coupling for fixed values of Rabi frequency (Ω). Density profiles of our interest are characterized by (i) κ L 2 < Ω (region 1) and (ii) κ L 2 > Ω (region 2). We also pay attention to a spatially modulated density profile representing stripe phase of the condensate. Our numbers for S and I show that in region 1 the profile becomes localized as κ L increases while in region 2 we observe delocalization. Values of I in the stripe phase provide an evidence for the supersolid properties of the SOC BEC and indicate that supersolidity is a purely quantum phenomenon.