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Vestnik NSU Series Information Technologies

Tools for Performing and Emulating Quantum Computing

Pavel E. Baskakov, Yuri Yu. Khabovets, Irina A. Pilipenko, Veronika Kravchenko, Лариса Владимировна Черкесова

Published Jan 1, 2020• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Currently, quantum technologies are at the forefront of scientific thought. Large corporations are creating their own quantum supercomputers, developing quantum analogues of classical algorithms, and research is being conducted in the field of quantum cryptography. But since quantum computers have not yet become widespread, the question becomes relevant: how can ordinary users, scientists and researchers keep up with the development of science? One possible solution is to use various kinds of tools to emulate quantum computing on a local non-quantum computer. In addition, there is also the opportunity to have several qubits of IBM's quantum supercomputer available. As a rule, such tools are implemented in the form of libraries for various programming languages. Due to the fact that working with real quantum computers is available only to a narrow circle of researchers, emulators are simply necessary to test hypotheses or algorithms. This article examined the most popular quantum emulators used for quantum computing and allowing emulating the process of a quantum computer. Work was carried out to study quantum emulators, to identify and describe their individual characteristics, to make recommendations for a more convenient start to work with them, as well as to describe their advantages and disadvantages. A review of several libraries for the JavaScript, Python, C / C ++ languages was made, as well as a tool with a web interface (Quantum Programming Studio) and a set of tools from Microsoft (Microsoft Quantum Development Kit), the main language of which is Q #, is examined. At the end of the article, a conclusion is made regarding the considered tools.

DOI
10.25205/1818-7900-2020-18-2-43-53

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Currently, quantum technologies are at the forefront of scientific thought. Large corporations are creating their own quantum supercomputers, developing quantum analogues of classical algorithms, and research is being conducted in the field of quantum cryptography. But since quantum computers have not yet become widespread, the question becomes relevant: how can ordinary users, scientists and researchers keep up with the development of science? One possible solution is to use various kinds of tools to emulate quantum computing on a local non-quantum computer. In addition, there is also the opportunity to have several qubits of IBM's quantum supercomputer available. As a rule, such tools are implemented in the form of libraries for various programming languages. Due to the fact that working with real quantum computers is available only to a narrow circle of researchers, emulators are simply necessary to test hypotheses or algorithms. This article examined the most popular quantum emulators used for quantum computing and allowing emulating the process of a quantum computer. Work was carried out to study quantum emulators, to identify and describe their individual characteristics, to make recommendations for a more convenient start to work with them, as well as to describe their advantages and disadvantages. A review of several libraries for the JavaScript, Python, C / C ++ languages was made, as well as a tool with a web interface (Quantum Programming Studio) and a set of tools from Microsoft (Microsoft Quantum Development Kit), the main language of which is Q #, is examined. At the end of the article, a conclusion is made regarding the considered tools.
Modern trends in the development of society require the rapid processing of a significant amount of information. Under these conditions, the issue of creating quantum computing devices that are many times greater than the computing capabilities of existing machines is topical. On the way to creating a quantum computer, quantum algorithms are currently being researched. The purpose of this work was to develop a program that allows simulating a quantum algorithm on a classical computer. The C# language was chosen for the implementation of the software implementation. The paper considers various quantum algorithms, explores the possibilities of emulating quantum computing on existing computers by conducting experimental studies.
In this paper, the current state of existing quantum computing tools is investigated, such tools as IBM Q Experience, ProjectQ, Rigetti Forest are considered, and special attention is given to the programming language Q# as the most advanced quantum computing tool currently available. As quantum computing today is one of the main areas of research, relevant tools are created to simplify the development of quantum programs, on the one hand, and provide a platform for testing and launching them, on the other hand. Therefore, the authors examined existing tools and presented the results in this paper.
This work is the investigation of the current state of the existing tools for quantum computing, especially the Q# programming language as the most developed tool for this nowadays. Since quantum computing is one of the main research area today, the respective tools are being created. These tools should simplify the development of quantum programs, on the one hand, and provide some platform for testing and running them, on the other hand. So the authors investigated the currently available tools and provided the results in the article.
The current paper covers the investigation of the current state of the existing tools for quantum programming includingQCL (Quantum Computation Language), quantum pseudocode, Q# programming language and Quipper. Since quantumcomputing is one of the main research areas today, the respective tools are being created quite often. They are aimed onsimplifying the development of quantum programs, on the one hand, and provide some platform for testing and runningthem, on the other hand. So, the authors investigated the currently available tools and provided the results in the article
As quantum computers of non-trivial size become available in the near future, it is imperative to develop tools to emulate small quantum computers. This allows for validation and debugging of algorithms as well as exploring hardware-software co-design to guide the development of quantum hardware and architectures. The simulation of quantum computers entails multiplications of sparse matrices with very large dense vectors of dimension 2n, where n denotes the number of qubits, making this a memory-bound and network bandwidth-limited application. We introduce the concept of a quantum computer emulator as a component of a software framework for quantum computing, enabling a significant performance advantage over simulators by emulating quantum algorithms at a high level rather than simulating individual gate operations. We describe various optimization approaches and present benchmarking results, establishing the superiority of quantum computer emulators in terms of performance.
After reading the previous chapters, you have gained just enough theoretical knowledge about quantum mechanics and quantum computing to get started with actual quantum software development. Different companies, cloud providers, and software vendors are preparing for a future where quantum computers will be generally available and used to solve real-world problems. One of these companies is Microsoft. To prepare for quantum computing, Microsoft has already invested in tools and a programming language that provides developers with an opportunity to play around with quantum software. The collection of these tools and programming language is named the Microsoft Quantum Development Kit.