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Chinese Control Conference (CCC)

Quantum Dialogue Based on Non-maximally Entangled Bell States

Huayang Li, Min Jiang

Published Jul 1, 2020• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a new quantum dialogue protocol based on non-maximally entangled Bell states. With single-qubit unitary operation, CNOT gate and the Positive Operator Valued Measure (POVM) technology, a quantum dialogue with certain capacity, can be implemented between two users Alice and Bob. This protocol firstly generalizes the quantum dialogue to a more general scenario which uses non-maximally entangled states as the quantum channel. Security analysis shows that our protocol can resist several well-known security issues. Moreover, it is simple and feasible with current techniques, and it demonstrates a good scalability.

DOI
10.23919/ccc50068.2020.9189482

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We propose a new quantum dialogue protocol based on non-maximally entangled Bell states. With single-qubit unitary operation, CNOT gate and the Positive Operator Valued Measure (POVM) technology, a quantum dialogue with certain capacity, can be implemented between two users Alice and Bob. This protocol firstly generalizes the quantum dialogue to a more general scenario which uses non-maximally entangled states as the quantum channel. Security analysis shows that our protocol can resist several well-known security issues. Moreover, it is simple and feasible with current techniques, and it demonstrates a good scalability.
In this paper, we propose one new quantum key agreement (QKA) protocol using non-maximally entangled Bell states with positive operator-valued measurement (POVM). It is designed for multi-party QKA by non-maximally entangled Bell states with POVM. Since Bell states and single particle can be obtained by various physical systems, thus, our protocol is feasible based on the current technology. It is secure against the outsider and participant attack. Further, it is shown that the shared key is decided by all participants. Therefore, it could guarantee the security and fairness.
In order to avoid the risk of information leakage during the information mutual transmission between two authorized participants, i.e. Alice and Bob, a quantum dialogue protocol based on the entanglement swapping between any two Bell states and the shared secret Bell state is proposed. The proposed protocol integrates the ideas of block transmission, two-step transmission and unitary operation encoding together using the Bell states as the information carriers. Besides the entanglement swapping between any two Bell states, a shared secret Bell state is also used to overcome the information leakage problem, which not only makes Bob aware of the prepared initial state but also is used for Bob's encoding and entanglement swapping. Security analysis shows that the proposed protocol can resist the general active attacks from an outside eavesdropper Eve. Moreover, the relation between the maximal amount of information Eve can gain and the detection probability is derived.
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Abstract Quantum dialogue enables two communicators to send their own secret information to each other, but most of the current quantum dialogue protocols have high requirements for the hardware equipment and capabilities of the communicators. In order to reduce the cost of participant, a semi-quantum dialogue scheme based on hyperentangled Bell states is studied in this paper. In our protocol, we combines the idea of semi-quantum key distribution and semi-quantum secure direct communication to realize the exchange of secret information between Alice and Bob, Alice’s information is transmitted to Bob through semi-quantum secure direct communication, while Bob’s message is extracted by Alice through semi-quantum key distribution and one-time pad encryption. This is different from the previous semi-quantum dialogue protocols, and is a new way of thinking. The security analysis shows that our protocol can not only resist the conventional attack strategies, but also has not the drawback of ‘information leakage’ problem. Compared with the existing semi-quantum dialogue protocols, it has some advantages, such as high communication efficiency, saving classical participant’s consumption and security. Although this protocol requires the preparation and analysis of hyperentangled Bell state, which are slightly more complex, it will be shown that all these are achievable by current technology. Our protocol is fully implementable, so it has good application prospects.
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A protocol for quantum dialogue is proposed to exchange directly the communicator's secret messages by using a three-dimensional Bell state and a two-dimensional Bell state as quantum channel with quantum superdence coding, local collective unitary operations, and entanglement swapping. In this protocol, during the process of transmission of particles, the transmitted particles do not carry any secret messages and are transmitted only one time. The protocol has higher source capacity than protocols using symmetric two-dimensional states. The security is ensured by the unitary operations randomly performed on all checking groups before the particle sequence is transmitted and the application of entanglement swapping.